Archaeologists have found some examples of their writing system in pottery, carved stamp seals, amulets and even in copper tablets. Several sticks inscribed with measure marks have been discovered. The Indus Valley Civilization is the earliest known culture of the Indian subcontinent of the kind now called “urban” (or centered on large municipalities), and the largest of the four ancient civilizations, which also included Egypt, Mesopotamia, and China. This was a fortified city in modern Pakistan and it was the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s. It is located within the citadel and next to the Great Bath. It is also worth mentioning that there have been attempts to link the Indus script with other scripts in India but there are not results till now. They also found engraved grid markings and playing pieces which also shows that the Indus people have played chess. The Harappan way of making baked pottery, bricks, beads, jewellery and textiles was adopted in the later civilization. The most characteristic feature of the Harappan Civilization was its urbanization. Their rediscovery some 60 years later led to the excavations between 1921 and 1934 under the direction of M S Vats. However, it was abandoned around 1900 BCE. Your email address will not be published. The Indus River Civilization had many occupations that had to be conducted in order to sustain a proper lifestyle. This was extended from modern-day northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and India. The majority of the population would have been peasant farmers. The Indus civilization flourished for half a millennium from about 2600 bc to 1900 bc.Then it mysteriously declined and vanished from view. B. Surkothda and Rakhigadi. The civilization consisted of two large administrative cities, Harappa and … Out of the two sculptures at Harappa one is a tiny nude male torso of red sandstone and the other is also a small nude dancing figure made of grey stone. Later, it was also part of the mature Indus Valley Civilisation, dating to 2600-1900 BCE. Their houses were comfortable for them as most of them had wells, bathrooms as well as drainage system. But this theory is partly true. Lothal is at the head of the Gulf of Cambay. By which evidence the Indus Valley Civilzation is known as pre-Aryan Civilization? Traces of the remains of massive brick walls around both the citadel and the lower town have been discovered here. Observations. 1. Some of the evidence of the devastation by floods has been found at Mohenjodaro and Lothal but there is no such evidence in respect of other sites like Kalibangan. The civilization is famous for its large and well-planned cities. The number of signs of the Harappan script is known to be between 400 and 600 of which 40 or 60 are basic and the rest are their variants. Ms. Bahata’s research paper was published in Palgrave Communications , a Nature group journal, and it says most of the Indus Valley inscriptions recovered so far were written logographically using word signs and not with units of speech sounds called phonograms. Required fields are marked *. He also finds close connection between the Brahmi and the Indus script. Impressions of cloth are noticeable on some of the sealing found here. Harappans used weights and measures for commercial as well as building purposes. In the Lothal port, there was a dockyard which was 216 mtrs in length and 37 mtrs in breadth. Harappan Civilization was also fond of ritualistic baths. Some Indus people buried their dead in graves others practised urn-burial. These cities contained well-organized wastewater drainage systems, trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. In Mohenjo daro there is also a large building which appears to have been the house of the governor. Another remarkable contribution of the Harappan people was the cultivation of cotton. During those days, the writing system was very much present in the Indus Valley Civilization. Goldsmiths made jewellery of silver, gold and precious stones and metal workers made tools and implements in copper and bronze. The glazed Harappan pottery is the earliest example of its kind in the ancient world. The painted pottery is of red and black colours. The approach followed by Kinnier-Wilson is to find analogies between Harappan and Sumerian signs.S R Rao has produced a different attempt to read the script as containing a pre-Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-European family. Together with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from northeast Afghanistan, through much of Pakistan, and into western and northwestern India. Lothal has evidence for the earliest cultivation of rice (1800 BC). Click here to get an answer to your question ️ Which Is The Largest Inscription In Indus Valley Civilization 1. Other good examples of the skill in casting and bronze working are the little models of bullock carts and ikkas from Harappa and Chanhudaro. Harappan pottery is bright or dark red and is uniformly sturdy and well baked. Town Planning. Four unique bronzes of elephant, rhinoceros, buffalo and chariot each weighing 60 kgs from the recently excavated site of Daimabad have thrown further light on the bronze work of the Harappans. Located at the centre of the citadel it is remarkable for beautiful brick work. Harappa: 2. (Link at the end) ( One Hectare (ha) = 0.01 Sq. The Indus Valley is contemporary with the civilizations of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The people lived a very comfortable life in well built houses and baths. Although there were large walls and citadels, there is no evidence of monuments, palaces, or temples. A small pot was discovered at Chanhudaro which was probably an inkpot. Harappan city with three divisions namely-citadel, middle town and lower town was at Dholavira. Majority of these sculptures are made of soft stone like steatite, limestone or alabaster. It is one of two Indus cities which have both proto-Harappan and Harappan cultural phases. Another well-known building was the Great Bath. They also used different products for making handicrafts. A second figure of comparable size also comes from Mohenjodaro. The uniformity of Harappan artifacts suggests … It was surrounded by a stone rubble fortification with square bastions at the corners and in the longer sides. 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