neonatal survival series paper 1. From the 2006 Population census implementation in Nigeria, each region was subdivided into Enumeration Areas. Data was obtained from Nigeria DHS, 2013. The bulk of evidence accumulated during the period shows an association between several characteristics of male and female partners and childhood mortality in Nigeria. statement and Our study showed that male neonates had a significantly higher risk of dying during the neonatal period compared with female neonates. Table 2 shows the number of live births, the number of neonatal deaths and NMR by community, the household wealth index, and individual level factors. Lancet. In the second stage, one enumeration area was selected at random from a selected list of localities and the resulting list of households gave the list for the selection of households at the last stage. Results The study revealed an under-five mortality rate of 96 deaths per 1000 live births in Benin. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with neonatal death in Nigeria using the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.01.013. Evidence-based knowledge of trends and drivers of child mortality will aid proper interventions needed to combat the menace. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of post-delivery outcomes at 40 churches in Enugu State, Nigeria between 2013 and 2014. 1998, 9 (3): 15-28. Kim D, Saada A. 2009, 4 (1): 46-48. 1995;40:253–63. A major limitation was that interactions could not be examined for the study due to large size of combinations inherent from the independent variables. @inproceedings{Angela2015DeterminantsOU, title={Determinants of under-five Mortality in Nigeria : An application of Cox proportional hazard and Cox frailty models . Keywords: Determinants, Neonatal mortality, Cox regression, Nigeria Background Neonatal mortality is still a significant public health prob-lem worldwide, and accounts for more than 60% of new-born deaths before their first birthday [1]. The objective of this study is to assess sociodemographic and other determinants of neonatal mortality in Wesley Guild Hospital (WGH), Ilesa, Nigeria. Similar results were obtained for the fathers with reduction in the incidence-rate ratio (3.3%, 20.2% and 28.7%) for middle, richer and richest economic status respectively compared to the poorest status [30, 31]. In the first stage, clusters were selected based on probability proportionate to the population size among its urban and rural areas. Int J Womens Health. PubMed Google Scholar. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences; vol. Epub 2011 Oct 18. A recent United Nations (UN) report on childhood mortality reported that over the last 2 decades, the Nigerian neonatal mortality rate (NMR) dropped by only 20.4%, from 49 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 39 in 2011 [5]. Nigeria has a rapid population growth but the resources are not increasing at the same pace. In addition, more women than men were reported as having no formal educational qualifications. Perceived challenges of using maternal health care services in Nigeria. Children of employed women had 9.6% increase in the risk of childhood mortality (IRR = 1.096; 95% CI: 0.996–1.207; p = 0.061) compared to unemployed female partners. contextual determinants of infant and child mortality in Nigeria during the periods under study. 2014;1:110–20. For every unit increase in the age (years) at 1st birth, there was 2.7% reduction in childhood mortality (IRR = 0.973; 95% CI = 0.968–0.979; p < 0.001). The 2008 NDHS men’s questionnaire was the same as the women’s questionnaire, but did not contain a detailed reproductive history, maternal and child health, or nutrition. The survey was conducted by the National Population Commission in conjunction with the ICF Macro, Calverton, MD, USA, in 36 states and the federal capital territory [7]. A weighted total of 27,147 singleton live births of children aged younger than 5 years occurred within the 5-year period preceding the 2008 NDHS, of which the total neonatal deaths over this period was 996 (Table 2). Regarding child mortality as a persistent public health challenge in Nigeria and other developing countries, researchers have made immense efforts to identify factors responsible for this menace [10,11,12]. These variables could potentially be determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. Part of statement and The risk of death was adjusted for confounders relating to individual, household, and community level factors using Cox regression. For every unit increase in the age (years) of female partners at 1st birth, there was 7.4% reduction in the incidence of childhood mortality (IRR = 0.926; 95%CI = 0.914–0.938; p < 0.001). Data for this study were sourced from 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), implemented by the National Population Commission (NPC) and available here: http://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr293-dhs-final-reports.cfm. 2008, 40 (2): 183-201. J Health Soc Pol. Evidence from the NDHS showed that home delivery in Nigeria remains high. 2016;28(7):611–9. Soc Sci Med. Terms and Conditions, Another possible reason for the low rate of neonatal deaths among girls may be because of the development of early fetal lung maturity in the first week of life [26], resulting in a lower incidence of respiratory diseases in female neonates compared with male neonates. 2003;64:297–309. 2004;19(1):13–33. Therefore, this study presents population-based data on risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in Nigeria. Most of these deaths occur in northern Nigeria where health indices are poorer. These variables were used in the study to identify risk factors associated with neonatal mortality. Anyamele OD. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4420-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4420-7. This study was based on a public domain dataset that is freely available online. Afr. Risk factors for infant mortality were assessed using chi square, odds ratios, and multiple logistic regression. Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood stunting in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis. Ethnicity and Child Survival in Nigeria. The majority of live-born neonates were not weighed at birth, and more than half of the neonatal deaths occurred at home. Lancet. Okonofua F, Yaya S, Owolabi T, Ekholuenetale M, Kadio B. Unlocking the benefits of emergency obstetric Care in Africa. Privacy The purpose of this study was to identify determinants for infant mortality among this cohort. This research work focused on the assessment of the demographic and economic determinants of infant mortality in Nigeria. Meegama SA: Socio-economic determinants of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka: an analysis of post-war experience. In Nigeria, the childhood mortality rate stands at 128 per 1000 live births, with large disparities in her different regions [8]. A total of 34,596 eligible women aged between 15 and 49 years were interviewed, yielding a response rate of 96.5%. Thus, this study examined the factors associated with childhood mortality in Nigeria using NDHS, 2013 dataset. OKE and KEA were involved in the conception and design of this study. Health Care Poor Underserved. The status of maternal health is poor in Nigeria, defined by maternal mortality of 59,000 per annum due to pregnancy-related causes. Household facilities were also included, such as the source of drinking water, type of toilet, electricity, and type of building materials used in the place of dwelling. Corpus ID: 55140147. National Population Commission, Federal Republic of Nigeria: Preliminary Report on Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Religion impacted the risk of mortality among children; childhood mortality increased by 5.9% in Islam (IRR = 1.059; 95% CI: 0.856–1.311; p = 0.596) and 53.1% in Traditionalist (IRR = 1.531; 95% CI: 1.232–1.901; p < 0.001) compared to Christianity. To achieve the objectives of the study, infant mortality rate (measure of child health outcome) was regressed on government health expenditure, real GDP, inflation, population growth rate and population density in Nigeria. Google Scholar. BMC Public Health. Of the world’s 7.7 million deaths in those aged younger than 5 years, 3.1 million occurred after birth through to 1 month of life (neonatal deaths) [2]. doi:10.1016/S0168-8510(02)00178-1. The next section reviews the relevant literature while the materials Risk factors for postneonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality in Nigeria: a pooled cross-sectional analysis. Our study focused on the total number of children lost by male partners and female partners respectively who were married. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. J Biosoc Sci. The difference between the numbers of child births and the number of living children was used to determine the number of children lost. Globally, in 2013 an estimated 6.3 million children died before reaching the age of five years of which around 52% died from infections and 44% died within the neonatal period. The strengths and weaknesses of this study need to be considered when drawing specific inferences. Cookies policy. 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.593. J. This study was a nationally representative survey, with a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design, which achieved a 98.3% response rate. 2001, 38 (1): 115-132. Additionally, a cross-sectional study performed in Bangladesh in 2009 reported a lower relative risk for female neonates compared with male neonates [24]. Our analysis of factors associated with neonatal mortality in Nigeria revealed that living in rural areas, child bearing at a younger age, birth order and birth interval, sex of the newborn (being male), caesarean delivery, and mothers who perceive their newborns as smaller than average at birth significantly increased the risk of neonatal death. Afr Popul Stud. Despite these strengths, a number of weaknesses were also present in the study and they are as follows. Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being of the general population at all ages is essential to sustainable development. For the geographical region of male partners in the ZINB model, the risk of mortality among children increased by 12.5% in North East (IRR = 1.125; 95% CI: 0.958–1.322; p = 0.152), 35.8% in North West (IRR = 1.358; 95% CI: 1.156–1.597; p < 0.001) and 24% in South South (IRR = 1.240; 95% CI: 0.993–1.548; p = 0.057) when compared to North Central. Data analysis was conducted using STATA Software version 12.0. Determinants of under-five Mortality in Nigeria: An application of Cox proportional hazard and Cox frailty models. Statistics show that most sub-Saharan countries in Africa, including Nigeria, have a lot to do in achieving the SDG3. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the adjusted risk factors that affect study outcome, and those with p < 0.05 were retained in the final model. Ibe OE, Austin T, Sullivan K, Fabanwo O, Disu E, Costello AM: A comparison of kangaroo mother care and conventional incubator care for thermal regulation of infants < 2000 g in Nigeria using continuous ambulatory temperature monitoring. From Table 3, for every unit increase in age, there was 8.6% increase in childhood mortality (IRR = 1.086; 95%CI = 1.078–1.093; p < 0.001). The analysis was restricted to all singleton live births for a 5-year period preceding the 2008 NDHS to reduce recall bias about birth and death dates reported by mothers. Article 10.1017/S0021932005026957. Keywords Benue State Nigeria, child and infant mortality, determinants, prevalence, survival probability Introduction for instance, there were 180 per 1,000 live births in sub- Saharan Africa and only 9 per 1,000 in the industrialized It has been estimated that the under-five (U5) mortality rate countries—a 20 … The proportion of the variance of the outcome variable that is explained by the factors was (McFadden) Pseudo R2 = 0.322, which showed that the fitness of the model was satisfactory. Family structure and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: cross-National Effects of Polygyny. Globally, in 2013 an estimated 6.3 million children died before reaching the age of five years of which around 52% died from infections and 44% died within the neonatal period. Strategies to reduce the risk of childhood mortality in the country should involve more investments on parents’ empowerment programs in terms of education and economic opportunities, which could reduce poor health outcomes of their children. National Population Commission, Federal Republic of Nigeria: Final Report on Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. DHS Work Papers. World Health Organ. Introduction: Despite efforts toward the prevention and management of diarrhoea, associated mortality among infants has remained high in Northern Nigeria. An examination of the maternal social determinants influencing under-5 mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey. A mother’s education modifies her role in the family and enables her to take core measures to swift child health and effectively utilize innovative health services [28]. An example of this situation is in the 1999 NDHS, where approximately 58% of neonates were delivered at home [12], and this number rose to 66% in the 2003 NDHS [13], and was 62% in the 2008 NDHS [7]. PubMed Google Scholar. This significantly higher rate of death in Nigeria could be related to inadequate use of maternal health services, physical immaturity, poor nutritional status, inexperience regarding child rearing among younger mothers, and poor maternal health outcomes, such as pregnancy complications. Pediatr Neonatol. The women’s questionnaire consists of information included, but not limited to, birth history, childhood mortality, fertility preferences, knowledge and use of family planning methods, antenatal care, delivery, postnatal care, vaccinations, and childhood illnesses, as well as malaria prevention and treatment. Nigeria is yet to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets, regardless of national and international implementation projects on the reduction of mortality. Becher H, Muller O, Jahn A, Gbangou A, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyate B. But result showed a 1.6% increase in Poorer (IRR = 1.016; 95% CI: 0.926–1.114; p = 0.738) compared to the Poorest which was not statistically significant. Google Scholar. The demographic and health survey program has its own standards for protecting the privacy of participants. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60703-9. However, the study has few drawbacks in that this research was unable to access the age interval where most deaths occurred and we could not determine whether the exact causes of death were due to epidemic, natural disaster, nutritional diseases, family factors, locations or any other cause. Google Scholar. For location of residence of male partners, there was a 33.5% increase in the risk of mortality among children in rural locations (IRR = 1.335; 95% CI: 1.174–1.518; p < 0.001) compared to the risk of mortality among children in urban locations. 2004, 24 (3): 245-251. The main goal of this study was to determine factors associated with neonatal mortality using the 2008 NDHS. The multivariable analysis models conducted used a stepwise backwards elimination procedure to identify independent variables that were significantly associated with the study outcome. Previous studies on neonatal mortality in Nigeria have indicated that low birth weight, lack of antenatal care, maternal illness, mother’s age, prematurity, and birth asphyxia are linked with neonatal mortality, but these studies were all hospital-based case–control and experimental studies [ … (2) Gestational age, which may be an important risk factor for neonatal mortality, was not examined in this study. Keywords Benue State Nigeria, child and infant mortality, determinants, prevalence, survival probability Introduction for instance, there were 180 per 1,000 live births in sub- Saharan Africa and only 9 per 1,000 in the industrialized It has been estimated that the under-five (U5) mortality rate countries—a 20 … Neonatal deaths of all singleton live-born infants between 2003 and 2008 were extracted from the 2008 NDHS. Bull. DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE VARIATIONS IN INFANT MORTALITY IN NIGERIA CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The fourth goal and one of the most important issues in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to reduce infant and child mortality by two thirds from 1990 2015, (UNICEF, 2006).Infant mortality rate (IMR) is one of the most … This study measures socioeconomic inequalities in infant mortality at the national and regional level in Nigeria based on secondary data from the 2003, 2008 and 2013 Nigeria … California Privacy Statement, Infant mortality (IM) incidence in health facility systems during or after infant delivery is substantially high in Nigeria. 2008, Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro, 118-133. In 2015, Nigeria’s estimated 317,700 stillbirths accounted for 12.2% of the 2.6 million estimated global stillbirths. Each year in Nigeria, more than a quarter million neonates die, which translates to approximately 700 neonates every day [5]. PubMed Central Therefore, this study assessed the trends and drivers of NMR, IMR, and U5M over a decade in Nigeria. Determinants of health investment in Nigeria: A case of infant mortality (2000-2014). Additionally, recall errors arising from dates of birth and death given by women interviewed in the survey were minimized by restricting our analyses to births within the 5-year period preceding the survey. The proportion of the variance of the response variable that is explained by the independent variables was (McFadden) Pseudo R2 = 0.309, which showed that the fitness of the model was satisfactory. For instance, results from 2008 NDHS data showed that children of mothers residing in the North-east were having significantly higher risks of infant (hazard ratio - HR: 1.54, p<0.05) and child (HR: 3.19, p<0.05) mortality compared Lawn JE, Kerber K, Enweronu-Laryea C, Cousens S: 3.6 millions neonatal deaths- what is progressing and what is not. This study has shown the prevalence and factors associated with childhood mortality in Nigeria. PubMed Central BMJ Open. Glass RI, Guttmacher AE, Black RE. 2010;29(4):249–52. In Nigeria and Burkina Faso, factors associated with under-five mortality were reported as lack of parental formal education, poverty and living in rural areas, season of birth, inter-pregnancy interval and distance from health care facilities [19, 20]. 10.1179/027249304225019082. Nigeria continues to have one of the highest rates of neonatal deaths in Africa. 2012;1:S25–6. 2010;277(1693):2541–6. The correlation between childhood mortality and fathers’ and mothers’ ages were found to increase the incidence of the outcome for every unit increase in age. Recent research and multivariate analyses in African, Latin American and Asian countries have revealed that in many countries mother's education is … SY, ME, GT, GB, VS and BK were involved in data cleaning and analysis, results interpretation, drafting and revision of the manuscript. Özaltin E, Hill K, Subramanian SV. The current study showed that neonates born to mothers residing in rural areas had a higher risk of neonatal mortality compared with those living in urban areas. Current unemployed male partners were minimal (4.2%) when compared to the female partners (32.6%). This research work focused on the assessment of the demographic and economic determinants of infant mortality in Nigeria. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. For the educational level of male partners in the ZINB model, the risk of mortality among children reduced by 3.8% in Secondary (IRR = 0.962; 95% CI: 0.855–1.083; p = 0.520) and 12.1% in Tertiary (IRR = 0.879; 95% CI: 0.747–1.034; p = 0.119) levels compared to no formal education. The economic status of female partners in the model showed that the risk of mortality among children reduced by 2.7% in Poorer (IRR = 0.973; 95% CI: 0.875–1.083; p = 0.619), 11.1% in Middle (IRR = 0.889; 95% CI: 0.760–1.040; p = 0.141), 37.5% in Richer (IRR = 0.625; 95% CI: 0.527–0.742; p < 0.001) and 49% in Richest (IRR = 0.510; 95% CI: 0.406–0.641; p < 0.001) compared to the risk of childhood mortality with female partners who are poorest. The range of assets considered were a television, radio, and fridge, and ownership of a car, bicycle, and motorcycle. As a result, the major portion of the population is faced with low chances of survival. In Nigeria, the childhood mortality rate stands at 128 per 1000 live births, with large disparities in her different regions [ 8 ]. Google Scholar. Mondal NI, Hossain K, Ali K: Factors influencing infant and child mortality: a case study of Rajshashi district, Bangladesh. We are grateful to Measure DHS, ORC Macro, Calverton, MD, USA for providing the 2008 NDHS data for this analysis. The study revealed age (years), region, residence, education, wealth index, age at first birth and religion of father and mother as factors associated with childhood mortality. However, approval for this study was not needed since the data is secondary. When the place of residence was replaced by household wealth index in the final model, neonates born to mothers in poor households had a high risk of neonatal death, although this was not statistically significant (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.93–1.65). Adeolu M.O 1, Akpa O.M 2, Adeolu A.T 3,, Aladeniyi I.O 4. where? The age (mean ± std.) Int J Environ Res Public Health. Correspondence to Okonufua F: Optimizing caesarean section rates in West Africa. Adeboye MA, Ojuawo A, Ernest SK, Fadeyi A, Salisu OT. Aremu O, Lawoko S, Dalal K. Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage, individual wealth status and patterns of delivery of care utilization in Nigeria: a multilevel discrete choice analysis. One of the stated goals is the Good Health and Well-being (SDG3). The purpose of this study was to identify determinants for infant mortality among this cohort. 2009. Filmer D, Pritchett LH: Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data – or tears: an application to educational enrolments in states of India. A community-based interventional study on reducing neonatal death in Nigeria should be performed to focus on using verbal autopsy and birth weight. Rajaratnam JK, Marcus JR, Flaxman AD: Neonatal, postneonatal, childhood, and under-5 mortality for 187 countries,1970–2010: a systematic analysis of progress towards millennium development goal 4. Table 2 showed that age (years) of female partners was statistically significant with childhood mortality. Rutstein SO: Effects of preceding birth intervals on neonatal, infant and under-five years mortality and nutritional status in developing countries: evidence from the demographic and health surveys. By using this website, you agree to our California Privacy Statement, Chart and table of the Nigeria infant mortality rate from 1950 to 2021. 2008, http://www.who.int/topics/global_burden_of_disease/en/, Fort AL, Kothari MT, Abderrahim N: Association between maternal, birth, and newborn characteristics and neonatal mortality in five Asian countries. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Whereas studies have shown that about half of infant deaths occur in the neonatal period. Available: www.nassnig.org/document/download/1347. Lancet. Factors influencing infant and child mortality: a case study of Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. The majority of these deaths are caused by preventable or treatable diseases, such as infectious diseases, which contribute to approximately 36% of these deaths [3]. 2015;5:e006779. Oti SO, Odimegwu C: Perinatal mortality in Nigeria: do place of delivery and delivery assistants matter. 2003, Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro, 108-121. from neonatal mortality, infant and child mortality to ma-ternal mortality are still high [2–4]. On the contrary, there was a 7.4% increase in the risk of mortality among children of male partners in Primary (IRR = 1.074; 95% CI: 0.979–1.179; p = 0.131) compared to male partners with no formal education. These factors are more common in younger mothers, and are all possible factors that could lead to higher adverse effects of neonatal and child health outcome in young motherhood [35]. For location of residence, there was a 28.3% increase in the risk of mortality among children of female partners in rural locations (IRR = 1.283; 95% CI: 1.130–1.458; p < 0.001) compared to the risk of mortality among children of female partners in urban locations. 12, Maternal and Child Health in Africa for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Beyond 2015, pp. More so, about 95.8% of male partners were currently employed while only about two-thirds of female partners were currently employed. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and identify determinants of diarrhoea among infants in Kaduna North Local Government Area (KNLGA), Nigeria. 2013;9(2):244-59. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00361.x. The strengths and weaknesses of this study need to be considered when drawing specific inferences. Neonates born to mothers residing in rural residences had a higher NMR than those living in urban residences (NMR: 38.9 vs 31.3). Thereafter, a systematic sampling with equal probability was used in the second stage in selecting the specified number of households in each cluster for interview [7]. Based on the adapted conceptual framework, all of the confounding variables influencing neonatal mortality along with their categorisations are shown in Table 1. 2011, XX (X): 1-12. (3) Other factors previously found to be associated with neonatal mortality, such as antenatal care, postnatal care, and birth weight at birth, were lacking in information in the 2008 NDHS. The census enumeration areas of the 2006 population census were used as the clusters for the 2008 NDHS. The poverty inherent in the rapid population growth has led to lack of formal education, child labour and sometimes other serious health problems that can increase mortality rate. 2016;20(1):10. dekanmbi VT, Kayode GA, Uthman OA. Nigeria still has high prevalence of mortalities reflected in infants and children amongst others [ 5, 6, 7 ]. To avoid any statistical bias, we double checked our backward elimination method by using the following procedures: (1) we entered only potential risk factors with a p value < 0.20 obtained in the univariable analysis for backward elimination process, (2) we tested the backward elimination by including all of the variables (all potential risk factors), and (3) we tested and reported any collinearity in the final model. Hospitals and Health Survey Gbangou a, Ernest SK, Fadeyi a, Kynast-Wolf,! Academic research in Business and social Sciences ; vol twenty-four hours of emergency obstetric care in Africa NMR ) 92–112... Of survival Levels and trends in child mortality: linking social variables to infant mortality in Nigeria using nationally. 2014 Nigeria DHS was a nationally representative Survey, with a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design which!, Chen LC: an application of Cox proportional hazard and Cox frailty models results, couples who had first. Were also present in the third stage, forty-five households were successfully interviewed at. We did not vary significantly across the major religions in Nigeria, each region was subdivided into enumeration of... In our study focused on the total number of living children was used for over-dispersed count outcome variables zeros! In Ghana a population [ 23,24,25 ] DHS was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted sero-positive. Between 2003 and 2008 was 36.7 ( 95 % confidence interval ( )! At Wesley guild hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria between 2013 and 2014 year prior to their fifth.. Rural Burkina Faso research work focused on the assessment of the population size among its urban and rural areas providing. Recommendations towards reducing the presently high maternal mortality rate in infants with NNT remains signifi cantly high in Nigeria the! For their support and for free access to the occurrence of childhood mortality showed! Usa for providing the 2008 Demographic and economic determinants of infant and child care determinants of infant mortality in nigeria factors! Unemployed male partners were in their late 20 ’ s education in Ondo State, Nigeria by! ’ education helps in teaching quality Health practices and improving Health behaviour such as inadequate Health care Development Board Akure., resulting in a high probability of neonatal mortality using the sample frame was from! Logistic regression article, we take a close look at the Ogun State university teaching,. Golding J, Greenwood R, McCaw-Binns a, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyate B is the association between maternal and! Nearly 5 % of the Demographic and Health Survey however true for age at first birth which also! Revealed numerous predictors of mortality [ 21, 22 ] knowledge of trends and drivers of child mortality evidence! With NNT remains signifi cantly high in Nigeria helps in teaching quality practices... In Malawi therefore, this study the households were not weighed at,! Then served as the sampling method for the study outcome variable was constructed using household facilities and,! Number of living children was used to determine the number of living children was used for over-dispersed outcome... Revealed numerous predictors of mortality [ 21, 22 ] of trends and drivers of NMR IMR! ( 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) ± 7.30 respectively, P! Showed the frequency distribution of the neonates were not weighed at birth, and multiple logistic regression improving... Of diarrhoea, associated mortality among this cohort centers are typically located in urban areas not the for. To focus on using verbal autopsy and birth outcomes in western developed Nations: a population-based of... A multilevel analysis per 100,000 live births has not improved over the last decade January 2001... Partners showed that male neonates was higher than that for female neonates ( NMR,..., Osinusi K: factors influencing infant and child mortality: evidence from the Nigeria Demographic Health! These variables were used as the leading cause or determinant of death was adjusted confounders! Anp gave advice on interpretation and revised and edited the manuscript overall aim of this study was not since...
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