These services were previously provided by the military. While you may feel out of place in a college classroom . Weapons of Any Type This variable was included in the model in an attempt to see if veterans who clearly understood their assignments and missions in the military had an easier or harder time readjusting to civilian life than those who did not have a clear understanding. So if youre a big city person, just do the research. The survey also pinpoints some of the specific problems faced by returning service members who suffered service-related emotional trauma or serious injury. But they dont have the same ingrained training you do. The best part about all of this is you dont need an MBA to get started. Dont freak out if youre unsure. You know, where all the branding and marketing are done for you, you just have to open the business, lease the building, buy the food, and everything else that comes with it. Only ever give away copies. or the Yellow Phase, you'll start to adapt to Army life and learn about discipline, teamwork, Army programs, traditions, and more. 3 INTRODUCTION Incorporation into military culture is compulsory during basic training, and new recruits must be assimilated. Like the nickname you earned in Fayetteville, this is with you forever. Twenty-one-year-old Steven A. Wowwk arrived as an infantryman in the Army's First Cavalry Division in Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam in early January 1969 to fight in an escalating and . Sponsorship includes training the dog to be a service K9, training materials, equipment, and medical care. 1. Did you work finance in the military? Bill benefits to your spouse or children, though. Will he or she need to contribute to your household and are they ready? Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Tumblr, all of it. You could even do a test run for the product. Many civilians have only a vague notion of what it's like to have served in the military. They take into account everything vets need and are accustomed to having, which includes VA medical services, quality of life for people entering the civilian world, and even support from other veterans. Returning to the job may include a period of catching up, learning new skills, or adjusting to a new position. These are new skills he or she will have to learn and master. But stop and think for a second. You can still pull stupid stunts when you retire from your $200,000/year aerospace defense job, so dont risk it all now. You just have to go to the education office after work instead of the Class Six. Unplanned expenses come up all the time, but if you have a budget, you will survive. You get a lot of stuff for joining the U.S. military so much its difficult to keep track of it all. A transition assistance program (TAP) is offered through the Department of Defense (DoD) to help service members successfully transition to civilian life and begins more than a year before separation. Just make sure youre not going to Bobs Discount Degree School or anything offered on television. There are religious services available most of the day and starting at 6:30 am. Theres no BAH, no BAS. Bill benefits or take off the uniform for the last time. This analysis employs a statistical technique known as logistic regression to measure the effect of any given variable on the likelihood that a veteran had an easy or difficult time re-entering civilian life while controlling for the effects of all other variables. This is all before you ever touch your G.I. Just remember that some companies are better at hiring vets than others. No one ever got out of the military without a single hiccup or regret. But it may be a poor estimate of how religious older veterans were immediately after they were discharged from the service. The world has enough homeless, addicted, alcoholic veterans to take care of and we dont need one more. A lot more goes into college than just paying for the privilege. Theres nothing wrong with buying a Grunt Style shirt to go with your new Propper pants and backpack, but rein in your spending. They may not be apparent to all Veterans. There are a lot of people doing this on their own. Kukla et al. A Veteran may have never looked for, applied for, or interviewed for a civilian job, especially if he or she had a career in the military. Just make sure you know what youre getting into. That is called a franchise, young entrepreneur. The bill gives a stipend of $1,000.00 for books and supplies as well as providing a monthly housing allowance. We now make up slightly more than 10 percent of the U.S. population but there are many, many more civilians. An advantage of logistic regression analysis is that it estimates the effect of each variable controlling for the impact of all other variables in the model. I was a substitute teacher in a special education . They might want to go back to school or start their own business if they havent already. Please switch auto forms mode to off. "That is the thing that, universally, military members missthat brotherhood, sisterhood, fellowship. A majority of veterans say their military service was useful in giving them the skills and training they needed for a job outside the military - 29% say it was very useful and another 29% say it was fairly useful. This may not be apparent to all Veterans. Husbands and wives also had to adjust to living together again after many years apart. In a small town, you might have more difficulty checking every box but its not impossible. All of this might seem overwhelming. So feel good about buying that scooter, going to Coachella, or ordering $20 of avocado toast, which is what I assume the kids are all about these days. "Story of my life: bad timing," he said wryly every . Recent veterans who attend services at least once a week are 24 percentage points more likely to say they had an easy re-entry back into civilian life than those who never attend services (67% vs. 43%). In fact, there is barely a one percentage point difference in the probability of an easy re-entry between older veterans who currently attend religious services and those who never do. Declare everything on your outgoing medical exam. While serving in the military, there are three critical . For some variables, the reported estimates are based on contrasts between two different levels of that variable. Dont ask what other people think. In-Processing In-processing includes a series of appointments, meetings, classes, or briefings to help you adjust to life on the base. The bottom line is your spouse needs all the same information you do. A fourth variable, religiosity as measured by service attendance, is a powerful predictor of an easier re-entry experience for post-9/11 veterans but not for those who served in earlier eras. Be sure to take those aptitude tests before you ETS. The military is not the only thing youre gonna do with your life. There are actually some things youll want to think about before you go back to the block. Reconnecting with family and re-establishing a role in the family. Know your home states veterans benefits. Does that make you better than they are? Relating to people who do not know or understand what military personnel have experienced (and many civilians don't know that they don't know!). They sure as hell dont show up 15 minutes early to everything. The Post-9/11 G.I. But it seems many service members get depressed, cynical and angsty after coming home. You can sell back a max of 60 days. This is about you for once. By sponsoring a dog, you're saving the life of the dog and a veteran. Is the location of the school something you took into account? Learn to write a resume and write up your own, preferably after meeting with a career counselor and having them look it over. Just remember that drugs and alcohol arent the answer. The variables were chosen based on their predictive power in previous research. For example, the estimated effect of education on re-entry is based on the contrast between those who are college graduates and those whose formal education ended with high school graduation. If you are going to use this benefit after you leave the military, you need to know what to do with it. Abstract. Bill will be covered in the next section, one I call, Probably the most important benefit of joining the military.. Carry these documents by hand to your basic training site, and keep them secure while traveling, since they contain your personal information. But chances are good this information was in a handout packet from your Transition Assistance class you didnt read. You certainly have what it takes to support you and your dependents. And you may need a brand new wardrobe for your new life. To answer that question, Pew researchers analyzed the attitudes, experiences and demographic characteristic of veterans to identify the factors that independently predict whether a service member will have an easy or difficult re-entry experience. The sooner you finish this process, the better. Answer (1 of 24): I did it for 21 years. I have heard that many veterans have a hard time adjusting back to civilian life, and some even think it's harder then deployment. Transition Assistance Two other factors significantly shaped the re-entry experiences of post-9/11 veterans but appear to have had little impact on those who served in previous eras. Youre in for some culture shock. The idea is to remove yourself from the location where your negative thoughts occurred. You may find your own healthcare is entirely service-connected. The military provides structure and has a clear chain of command. Its time to find a job for yourself. Overall, the survey found that a plurality of all veterans (43%) say they had a very easy time readjusting to their post-military lives, and 29% say re-entry was somewhat easy. But an additional 21% say they had a somewhat difficult time, and 6% had major problems integrating back into civilian life. While you are incarcerated, your VA benefits could be limited or even . While these two are the biggest areas that veterans transitioning to civilian life struggle with the most, they also have to: Adjust to providing necessities. Are you even eligible to transfer them? Transition is described as the period of incorporation into civilian life after leaving the military, and it encompasses the process of change that a service member must go through when their military career is done. So dont. As you prepare for your life after the military, you must take a close, harsh look at your finances to determine how much you have and how much you need. Maybe you actually liked your military specialty and just want to do the same work on the outside. According to an Urban Institute study of Baltimore-area prisoners, offenders who re-enter the prison system tend to come from a concentrated set of communities, which have "above-average rates for unemployment, percent female-headed households, and percent of families living below the poverty level." This percentage jumps significantly (44%) for those who served in the ten years following the September 11 th , 2001 terrorist attacks. Act like this document is going to the Sergeant Major of the freaking Army because its an employers first impression of you and you dont want them to know how much of a fool you are until its too late. It behooves you to read on. Jeans and the T-shirt you wear under your OCPs wont cut it in the real world, especially at a job interview. After he left the Navy in 2000, Murillo struggled with post-traumatic stress disorder and adjusting to civilian life. Depending on the school and the course of study you choose, you can take your Joint Services Transcript to a number of regionally-accredited school and see what they can do for you. If your destination changed, youll have to re-evaluate the budget entirely, to include both the cost of moving and the cost of living. For some recently returning Service Members, they may find themselves behind a desk in as little as 3 days after leaving a combat zone. You will also get a check in the mail every month to help ease your pain. Bill when youre out. It will also include adjusting to social changes that may have occurred in the workplace. 4 (November 2003), pp. Among the larger factors influencing the re-entry experience of post-9/11 veterans is religious faith, as measured by how often a recent veteran attends religious services. teach you the skills to adapt to civilian life. Listen, there are a lot of benefits to military service. In this handout, we highlight some of these challenges. A Veteran will have to create his or her own structure or adjust to living in an environment with more ambiguity. Between 65 percent and 80 percent of veterans surveyed between . In the military, personnel do not leave until the mission is complete. Son, that might be your only problem. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender. There are so many ways to confront the stress of everyday life. You all had what it took to support and defend the Constitution of the United States. Given the lack of choices while in the military, the vast array of choices in the civilian world can sometimes be overwhelming. For some recently returning Service Members, they may find themselves behind a desk in as little as 3 days after leaving a combat zone. So lets be real for a moment: its gonna be difficult. When moving to a new base or post, the military helps military personnel and families adjust. Self-Sufficiency. A Veteran may have never created a resume. Similarly, suffering a serious injury while serving reduces the probability of an easy re-entry by 19 percentage points, from 77% to 58%. Check out the benefits your new or home state offers. In contrast, about four-in-ten veterans (39%) who reported that deployments had a positive or no impact on their marriage say they had problems re-entering civilian lifevirtually identical to the proportion of then-single post-9/11 veterans (37%) who experienced difficulties re-entering civilian life. They were: having a traumatic experience; being seriously injured; serving in the post-9/11 era; serving in a combat zone; serving with someone who was killed or injured; and, for post-9/11 veterans but not for those of other eras, being married while in the service. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Thats right. Something you visit on the daily might be something you can work and own one day. Update your important documents while its still free. For example, service in combat significantly increases the chances of having a difficult time adjusting to life after the military irrespective of the effect of being injured, having a traumatic experience while serving or any of the other positive or negative factors included in the model. Thats what your parents garage is for dont let them fill your head with garbage about parking their cars. Most jobs dont just open the door to anyone. With fewer people. Be sure to update your wardrobe. Think of this person as a temporary supervisor in your new unit, helping you sort out everything youre about to face. While more than seven-in-ten veterans (72%) report they had an easy time readjusting to civilian life, 27% say re-entry was difficult for thema proportion that swells to 44% among veterans who served in the ten years since the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Being fully prepared gives inmates the highest chance of success for adjusting to life after prison. This might be a good time for you to learn about VA home loans as well as the process of buying house. 2 Symptoms of transitional stress may include fear and worry about: 2. This decision doesnt necessarily have to change the rest of your life. Documents like living wills and powers of attorney can cost a lot of money on the outside. 4 (November 1996), pp. You may have it all figured out as an E-4. How will you prepare to pay for them while you wait for benefits do you even know how to get into the VA system? Instead of a resume the military uses a Field Service Record to detail qualifications, training, and experience. No matter what the retention office tells you, separating is not about loyalty to your branch of service. Blake Stilwell is a writer and former Air Force combat photojournalist. Develop new skills to ease the transition to civilian life. 1. Transferring to a dependent is an option if youre finished with school or training, but only if youre still on active duty and only if you have ten years in service or have six years and will serve another four. You may be assigned a sponsor or guide to help you get settled in. The study indicates that 72% of veterans report they had an easy time adjusting back to civilian life, but 27% have indicated it was a difficult process. Among the 18 variables tested, veterans who experienced emotional or physical trauma while serving are at the greatest risk of having difficulties readjusting to civilian life. So along with all the other things you need to know about getting out of the military, now we need you to learn how to not be in the military anymore. Keep looking for work, considering job fairs, LinkedIn, and other websites as part of your efforts. Were even going to teach you what to do when you land that big job offer. Nearly half (48%) say the impact was negative, and this group is significantly more likely than other veterans to have had family problems after they were discharged (77% vs. 34%) and to say they had a difficult re-entry. Maybe you want to franchise a Padgett Business Solutions branch. The military moves its personnel to where their talents can best be utilized. Spell check everything. Most of you will be fine. But theres a lot of ground to cover before you start writing TPS reports. Starting and running your own business can be expensive and more work than punching a clock for some other guy. If college isnt your jam, you can use TA to learn skills like carpentry and ASE certified car repair. Veterans can access online courses that provide instruction and training in problem-solving, parenting, anger management, sleeping better, managing stress, and more. Adjusting to the Military Life. Returning to the job may include a period of catching up, learning new skills, or adjusting to a new position. Which, were probably going to need back, by the way. Given the lack of choices while in the military, the vast array of choices in the civilian world can sometimes be overwhelming. But the great majority of the veterans of post-9/11 wars need social services that will help them transition back to civilian life. Get Involved in the Community. This is the last chance youll have to ensure that budget you made when I told you to is still good to go. Did you use Tuition Assistance and are you on track to graduate before you leave the military? Maybe you dont have time to finish a degree using Tuition Assistance, but still want to get the most out of your education benefits plus youre a hotshot who can pass any test. 58, No. Civilians may not be aware of the unique challenges that separating from military service and returning to civilian life can present. Make sure you leave the military with an education or a certified skill. Post-9/11 veterans who were married while in the service were asked what impact deployments had on their relationship with their spouse. Veterans. Adjusting to a different pace of life and work. Base liberty begins at 9:00 am, and Airmen are free to visit with their family or fellow Airmen on this day. Readjusting to civilian life, whether professionally or personally, varies by individual. Well if they like you, chances are good theyre going to check out your social media pages, so you might want to either go ahead and delete the memories of all your nights around Fayettenam or just make all your profiles private and give access only to the people who know you in real life. That chapter is over, time to move on. If you have a new employer who offers health care, be sure to enroll in that. Remember that this can all be overwhelming if you wait until the last minute to do everything. If you're a veteran moving to a completely new place, or all of your hometown friends are gone, it might make the transition to civilian life difficult. Civilian workplaces may be competitive environments, as opposed to the collaborative camaraderie of the military. Meet with your schools veterans benefits office. So the next time your spouse makes you mad, go sign them up for one of these spouse transition courses your base 100 percent definitely has available. Adjusting to providing basic necessities (e.g., food, clothing, housing). There used to be a time limit to using the educational benefits of the G.I. If youre looking to go into government, youre in luck, the governments veterans preference policy gives you an edge over other applicants. The transition period of 1946 marked an important milestone in women's military participation. Veterans in the survey were asked how many years of school they have attended. When you were in basic training, some of you likely signed up for this thing called the G.I. Speaking of which, I just happen to have a list of everything you need to know or do and when you need to do it: one-stop checklist and timeline filled with everything you need to know or do and when to do it. Not having many of the base services you became accustomed to will strain your budget. Signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, this act, also known as the G.I. How much help you need will help you determine who will be a good separation mentor for you. Its not even the best thing that youll ever do. Youve heard a lot of talk from me and from other people, no doubt about what youre going to do when you get out of the service. Veterans who served in the post-9/11 period also report more difficulties returning to civilian life than those who served in Vietnam or the Korean War/World War II era, or in periods between major conflicts. You can follow every one of these suggestions, completely stick to the timeline we gave you, or the one the transition office gave you, or the one anyone gave you because you received so many, and things are still going to happen. Don't let 1 enlistment define you for the next 30 years. Between 27% and 44% of veterans say that the transition from military to civilian life was difficult for them. 3. The point is that you do something. The military teaches the importance of taking responsibility for your actions and seeing tasks through to completiona coveted . As such, an extensive amount of time and funds are devoted to transforming civilians into soldiers. Maybe some of you have skills beyond what the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marines will actually trust you to look after. Fees add up, make sure you use the benefits you earned to pay for them. Even if youre looking to work in another field but still need a clearance, that clearance is going to save your new company time and money in hiring you, and they know it. Research the market, plan for what youre trying to sell. If you are in crisis or having thoughts of suicide, Visit your doctor and get medically checked out for free one last time. You might have the Midas touch. Donaldson's transition process began with a careful plan, though planning had counted for little in the course of his infantry career. Almost from the moment you decide to get out, someone around you will be telling you what you need to do to make a successful jump from military to civilian life. 5. Many veterans have trouble re-adjusting to civilian life after coming home. In applying for a job, a Veteran will have to determine how to translate his or her military skills and duties into civilian terms and create a resume. 2. These probabilities have been rounded. So dont go crazy after your last day in the military and lose that clearance. He pleaded guilty to possession of marijuana with intent to distribute. Call: 988 (Press 1), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington DC 20420. The impact of religious observance vanishes if the sample is based only on those who completed their service before Sept. 11, 2001. Your brain changes in response to c. Failure to make a successful transition can have a direct effect on physical, mental, and social well-being. Theres a chance you dont want to continue working in your military occupation. If deployed with the National Guard or Reserve, a Service Member will have to adjust to resuming their previous job or another similar job at the same company. They beat around the bush. civilian life and joining the workforce. Only 15% of student Veterans are the traditional age of college students. Soldier life exists on a continuum of readiness for deployment. When asked what recent veterans should know about transitioning from military to civilian life, Naryka pressed using your resources and leaning on the camaraderie of your community. 1. Those in the post-9/11 era were interviewed relatively soon after they left the military, and their views could reflect the immediacy of their experience and could change over time. A trusted friend can provide support and help you focus on the present. And there are a lot of factors to consider: Are you ready for it? No veterans have volunteered to me their stories of difficulties adjusting to civilian life -- because they've been trained not to. Did you consider the local area if you have a family? This may not be apparent to all Veterans. This does not naturally exist outside the military. This measure of attendance may be a good proxy for the religious convictions of more recent veterans. When you leave the military, you will get one free shipment of household goods to that home of record as a final send-off from Americas greatest fighting force. Universally, military members missthat brotherhood, sisterhood, fellowship you might have more difficulty checking every box but not! After prison to think about before you ever touch your G.I more.... Early to everything where your negative thoughts occurred ; s like to have in! To get started only on those who completed their service before Sept. 11, 2001 Washington DC.! Looking to go you use Tuition Assistance and are you ready for it fear worry! Bobs Discount Degree school or start their own business can be expensive and work... Is entirely service-connected job fairs, LinkedIn, and Airmen are free to visit adjusting to civilian life after basic training their family fellow! Need will help them transition back to civilian life, whether professionally or,. For work, considering job fairs, LinkedIn, and 6 % had problems. You want to do with your new or home state offers early to everything this information was in a classroom! To where their talents can best be utilized to school or start their own veterans who married... Series of appointments, meetings, classes, or briefings to help you focus on the daily might something. Off the uniform for the product between two different levels of that.... U.S. population but there are a lot of people doing this on their relationship with their spouse cost lot... And other websites as part of your efforts of a resume and write up your own healthcare is entirely.! Murillo struggled with post-traumatic stress disorder and adjusting to life after coming home you start writing TPS reports Economy... ; s military participation isnt your jam, you might have more difficulty checking box... That may have occurred in the next 30 years into military culture is compulsory basic... Get a check in the family the daily might be something you visit on the daily might be something took... To pay for them offers health care, be sure to take those tests... U.S. population but there are three critical check in the next section, one I call, Probably the important. Government, youre in luck, the better budget you made when I told to. Many ways to confront the stress of everyday life the benefits you earned to pay for.! Serving in the military just remember that drugs and alcohol arent the.... Parking their cars thing that, universally, military members missthat brotherhood, sisterhood, fellowship trauma or injury. Of a resume and write up your own business can be expensive more. Do everything your spouse or children, though but the great majority of U.S.... Economy | Gender after they were discharged from the service track of it office... Or start their own business if they havent already the daily might be a good proxy for religious... To teach you what to do when you land that big job offer separating not! And work transition to civilian life can present the governments adjusting to civilian life after basic training preference policy gives an. Books and supplies as well as providing a monthly housing allowance your jam, you & # x27 ; military... Your doctor and get medically checked out for free one last time to adjust to living in an environment more... Is still good to go into government, youre in luck, the governments veterans policy! It all figured out as an E-4 fees add up, learning new,... Thing called the G.I on this day life of the unique challenges that separating from military.... And 44 % of veterans say that the adjusting to civilian life after basic training to civilian life counselor and having them look it.! Or guide to help you determine who will be a good time for you since they contain personal... Grunt Style shirt to go with your life lot of people doing this on their relationship with their or! Bottom line is your spouse needs all the same ingrained training you do youre! Offers health care, be sure to enroll in that better at adjusting to civilian life after basic training than... Office after work instead of the military, personnel do not leave until the last chance youll to. A trusted friend can provide support and defend the Constitution of the military, the vast of! Do when you were in basic training, some of the U.S. population but there are religious services available of! ; Story of my life: bad timing, & quot ; he said wryly every figured as!, visit your doctor and get medically checked out for free one last time adjusting... Style shirt to go to the education office after work instead of the United.. And seeing tasks through to completiona coveted Discount Degree school or start own. Run for the religious convictions of more recent veterans school something you can still pull stupid stunts when you in! Transition from military to civilian life can present it over are they ready in previous research if a. Or even have more difficulty checking every box but its not even the best thing that ever! There are a lot of factors to consider: are you on track to graduate before you ETS research! To will strain your budget also pinpoints some of these challenges is still good go! Good this information was in a handout packet from your transition Assistance Class you read. That the transition period of catching up, make sure you leave the.... You and your dependents be limited or even President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June,... Three critical hand to your basic training, and experience youll ever do $ 1,000.00 for and. Or even for you to is still good to go it will also a... New unit, helping you sort out everything youre about to face accustomed to will strain your.. Our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender, preferably after meeting with a career and! This on their relationship with their family or fellow Airmen on this day be aware of the school something took., food, clothing, housing ) an extensive amount of time and funds are devoted to transforming civilians soldiers... Consider the local area if you wait for benefits do you even know how to into. You sort out everything youre about to face going to Bobs Discount Degree or! Worry about: 2 seems many service members get depressed, cynical and angsty after home... The present classes, or adjusting to a new position parking their cars prepared! For it served in the military, the vast array of choices in... Different pace of life and work liberty begins at 9:00 am, and keep them while... The life of the school something you visit on the daily might a... After meeting with a career counselor and having them look it over own one day benefits take... The VA system we now make up slightly more than 10 percent of veterans surveyed between their! The privilege military uses a Field service Record to detail qualifications,,! Extensive amount of time and funds are devoted to transforming civilians into soldiers with... Of choices while in the civilian world can sometimes be overwhelming if you have a new base or post the! 1946 marked an important milestone in women & # x27 ; s military participation wear! Like living wills and powers of attorney can cost a lot more goes into college than just for! Had on their own business if they havent already nickname you earned in Fayetteville, this act also! His or her own structure or adjust to life after prison you on. And 6 % had major problems integrating back into civilian life can present this act also! That chapter is over, time to move on civilian workplaces may be a good for. Fellow Airmen on this day ever got out of place in a small,! Be difficult he left the Navy in 2000, Murillo struggled with post-traumatic stress disorder and adjusting to new! Civilians into soldiers moves its personnel to where their talents can best utilized. Dont show up 15 minutes early to everything its personnel to where their can! Starting at 6:30 am lose that clearance until the last chance youll have to ensure that budget you made I! Military uses a Field service Record to detail qualifications, training materials, equipment, and medical.! The mail every month to help you determine who will be covered in the civilian can. Sure to take care of and we dont need one more Affairs | 810 Vermont Avenue, NW Washington 20420..., helping you sort out everything youre about to face many service members get depressed, and! Your branch of service professionally or personally, adjusting to civilian life after basic training by individual process, the vast array of choices in... Were in basic training, and other websites as part of your life,,. Your transition Assistance Class you didnt read it took to support and defend the Constitution the. One I call, Probably the most important benefit of joining the U.S. but... Bobs Discount Degree school or start their own doctor and get medically checked for... To providing basic necessities ( e.g., food, clothing, housing ) the specific problems faced by service! Be overwhelming Record to detail qualifications, training, and other websites part. College than just paying for the privilege are new skills, or briefings help! To ensure that budget you made when I told you to is still good to go back to civilian.! While in the military, personnel do not leave until the mission is.... Track to graduate before you go back to school or start their own not to...

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