can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine togethercan my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine together

Hi David, Thanks for your question. Both Zyrtec and Apoquel can be used long-term to manage chronic allergy symptoms in dogs. These drugs were first discovered in the 1930s. Ive also started giving him these zesty paws allergy bites. Take your sweetie to your vet for cytology to best determine how to treat. So, I believe I have a worst-case scenario here. He also commenced biting chewing all different places as though bitten by a flea. Dr. Sutton has done extensive international volunteer work though Veterinary Ventures, a nonprofit organization that takes teams of veterinarians to undeveloped countries for humane medical care. Apoquel can begin providing relief as soon as four hours after administration and can last up to 24 hours. Thats terrible! Have you ruled out secondary infections such as yeast and bacteria? If your pet is miserable then seek another vet to give some reliefsuch as cytopoint or a brief course of steroid. https://www.dvm360.com/view/making-difference-dogs-with-atopic-dermatitis-when-use-apoquel, https://www.zoetisus.com/products/dogs/apoquel/index.aspx, The ElleVet Team844-673-7287[emailprotected]. We did try the new allergy shot and unfortunately it didnt help either. Zoetis, Apoquel's manufacturer, conducted a long-term (two year) study examining 247 dogs and the side effects of Apoquel they experienced. Such as, what is the correct hydroxyzine dosage for dogs? He has no fleas The groomer has never found fleas on them and weve never found a single flea inside. We take a look at some of the most commonly asked questions about this drug. 4 56 Post below or email me at [emailprotected]. This is called extra-label or off-label use because this use is not described on the drug label. But, there are also side effects that you should keep in mind. 0000067493 00000 n My dog hurt her back over the winter. Apoquel is more broad spectrum than cytopoint ,but apoquel can cause immune suppression. And of course allergy testing is another option. And it is quite safe. Regular bathing with non-drying shampoos and fish oils are also very helpful to control itch for allergy dogs. While the first antihistamines were too toxic for human use, they have since been refined and are commonly, and safely, used today. . 0000006244 00000 n We feed him raw food which greatly helped his skin and gave him some relief for a few months. 0000161647 00000 n It would be very unlikely that your veterinarian would give a steroid injection to a diabetic pet. 0000022856 00000 n Zyrtec works by blocking the effects of histamine, which is a chemical that causes allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and watery eyes. I withheld the medication to see if he got worse, and called the vet. A lot of dog owners are asking how much Apoquel their dog can take. In the last month, his fur has all grown back, he does no more scratching than a normal dog, and his energy has improved ten-fold. This itchiness is known as pruritus.. Your vet may prescribe it to relieve the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Youll want skin cytology (which is simple and inexpensive) to see if there is an injection present (such as bacterial or yeast). How much Zyrtec do you give a 70-73 pound dog? (Answered 2023), What Are Cat and Dog Paws Adapted for? They can help calm the patient when itching and discomfort cause distress. As the weather starts to warm up, many of us are turning our attention to the outdoor activities we enjoy with our dogs. Do not give extra or double doses. While Zyrtec and Apoquel are generally safe for most dogs, there are some dogs who may not be good candidates for these medications. 0000068209 00000 n Cyclosporine is a medication that works similarly to Apoquel in treating allergies. Terbinafine is probably the safest oral medication for a yeast infection. The drug is available in 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml injectable concentrations. However, it does not address the root cause of the itching. My dog has been on Apoquel for several years due to undiagnosed seasonal allergies. There has to be some kind of relief for him that doesnt have to cost $80 a month. Apoquel Dosage for Dogs. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients that can help reduce inflammation in the body. Apoquel is a medication that is commonly used to treat itching and inflammation in dogs. We have cut out chicken but has seen no improvement. Both drugs are relatively expensive, so giving them together may increase the cost of treatment. In fact, antihistamines are quite often used to treat skin allergies in dogs. There are several Apoquel alternatives that can provide safe and effective relief for your pets allergies. When she isn't creating content for blog posts, Hannah enjoys long walks with her Rottweiler cross Senna, reading fantasy novels and breeding aquarium shrimp. Can my dog take melatonin and fluoxetine at the same time? Your veterinarian can provide specific dosing instructions based on your dogs individual needs. Hydroxyzine for dogs is known to interact with other medications. Antihistamines are most often taken to relieve the symptoms of allergic reactions, such as itchiness. My vet believes the drug is perfectly safe when given at the recommended dose and has prescribed it for my dog more than once. There are novel protein foods, hydrolyzed diets, and perhaps best yet would be Ultamino which is down to the a I o acid level. Its important to talk to your veterinarian about any other medications your dog is taking before starting Zyrtec or Apoquel. You can also give your pet a bath! However, it is readily utilized in the veterinary field, and veterinarians can legally prescribe certain human drugs in animals in certain circumstances. I brought him to the first vet, who was completely useless. Nothing helps. So, if your dog is pregnant it would be wise to discuss this with your vet. Joi. Vet prescribed Aloqueli thought for a while it worked. Feel free to share any questions and experiences in the comments section below. He has been taking apoquel but it doesnt work. Im losing the plot 8 years off this. trailer Thank you for your time and consideration. We also have trazodone from her past vet (we switched 6 months ago) for her bad car/boarding anxiety. Your email address will not be published. Hello Dr. Joi, It may take longer to see results, but it is known for its effectiveness in reducing itching and inflammation. Common side effects of Zyrtec may include drowsiness, dry mouth, or gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting or diarrhea. I bet if one person has this question and takes the time to write me, there are likely lots of folks with a similar question. Here are some other side effects you may see in dogs who take hydroxyzine: Loss of coordination. She has developed many adenomas, and recently has been itching severely. What are the side effects of hydroxyzine in dogs? Side effects have been rarely seen and documented, but the most common occurrences have been mild vomiting and diarrhea. The vet prescribed him prozac which has helped calm him down and I havent been bitten for over 2 years now. start with the lowest possible dose and increase gradually if needed. Pros of Apoquel in Dogs They are quickly metabolized. Antihistamines are inexpensive compared to Apoquel, and antihistamines are also generally quite safe drugs. Speak with your veterinarian about what to do if you forget to give a dose of hydroxyzine. Hydroxyzine is a pet prescription drug and is available in tablets, capsules, and syrup. 0000001685 00000 n Dosage and frequency can vary depending on your dogs size, breed, and specific allergy symptoms. Do chat with your vet. The frequency and dosage of Zyrtec and Apoquel can vary depending on your dogs size, breed, and specific allergy symptoms. The active ingredient in Apoquel is oclacitinib, which is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. Copyright 2022 ADW Diabetes. Apoquel and Zyrtec may interact with other medications your dog is taking, so it is important to inform your veterinarian of all medications your dog is currently taking. He seemed confused and his coordination was way off. And food trials are typically 3 months. But now its scared me to continue to give him the next dose! can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine togetherwhy is justin chambers leaving fox 17 news April 9, 2023 / vietnam president about raja raja cholan / in houses for rent louisville, ky / by Fish oils have a subtle effect in the short term, but are definitely an aid for long term allergy management. But, there are also side effects that you should keep in mind. In cats, the dosage is 0.5 1 mg/lbs (1 2 mg/kg) or 5 10 mg/cat every 8 12 hours orally. In birds, it is used most often for feather picking. Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamines. 0000018322 00000 n 0000089074 00000 n Allergies can start as seasonal and then progress to year round. When a pet stops responding to apoquel or cytopoint (both meds are cytokines inhibitors) there is a secondary infection (bacterial or yeast). Any suggestions? So, our story is our 7 mo. We have also been feeding him Royal Canine hypoallergenic canned food but he stopped eating this after a few weeks and it was difficult to give him his regular medication. (Answered 2023), How Much Food Should My 8 Week Old Puppy Eat? After an examination, they may deem it appropriate to prescribe an antihistamine as part of the treatment plan. I enjoy interacting with our readers, and sometimes the questions are worthy of a newsletter. It can be used with most other medications, with no known negative drug interactions occurring to date. This content shouldnt take the place of advice by your vet. For example, it can counteract the effects of warfarin. To be safe, if your pet is to be treated with Apoquelfor many years, we recommend that once yearly your dog have a physical examination, a blood count, kidney/liver blood tests, and a urine test. Website accessibility is an everchanging journey so if you have any questions, comments, or concerns, please feel free to contact us by email at [emailprotected], 1-844-673-7287 or Dial 1-800-676-3777 to reach us thru National Telecommunications Relay. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Hydroxyzine for dogs is a canine antihistamine. My dog is a chihuahua and shes 9 years old, shes never even itchy or lost so much hair before. However, as with any medication, there can be potential side effects. And Dr. Melissa Eisenschenk, who claims to have treated close to 1,000 dogs with Apoquel, agrees with the caveat that dogs should be screened for liver disease (a side-effect of JK-1 inhibitors in humans) and have . Here are some frequently asked questions about these medications: Zyrtec, also known as cetirizine, is an antihistamine medication commonly used to treat allergies in humans. After this, your vet will assess the situation and decide whether to prescribe antihistamines that are to be taken on a more regular basis. To add more issues hes just been diagnosed with a heart murmur and now on Vetmedin twice a day. I went in for a skin scraping but the doctor said they couldnt find any mites but that doesnt mean she doesnt have it, she also didnt reccomend a cytology cause she didnt think bella needed it. Parasites happen! xref I dont think the injection works that well when he gets one. Histamines are compounds in the body which are responsible for the symptoms we experience when we are allergic to something. 0000088375 00000 n Please help or give me ang advice. Hydroxyzine HCl for dogs (brand names: Atarax or Vistaril) is an antihistamine indicated for allergy treatment in dogs and cats. But what is hydroxyzine for dogs? They are still itching? Apoquel For Dogs: Dosage Going to a dermatologist is a great idea! Can my dog take Apoquel and Zyrtec together? <<980333A84C51A3459657E23C3893ECFA>]/Prev 703990>> The most common application of hydroxyzine for dogs is in relation to the treatment of pruritus. If youre giving your dog an antihistamine for the first time, its best to do so in the evening so that you can observe your dog for any signs of drowsiness. It causes minimal drowsiness. Holiday Shopping Season - Kicking off Right. Do you bathe your pet weekly to wash away the allergens? While the exact mechanism of action is not known, it is thought that Apoquel works by inhibiting the activity of Janus kinase enzymes, which are important in signal transduction in many cells, including those involved in the allergic response. Or a food trial. One studyfound that 54% of dogs with atopic dermatitis that had been given antihistamines to treat the condition responded favorably. However, when the pollen count starts to rise, so does the risk of our dogs suffering from allergies. 0000161011 00000 n Can Dogs Take Hydroxyzine? My dog takes one apoquel daily along with piriton twice daily she has started with a flare up of her itching and my vet says double the dose of apoquel for a while I've Googled this but can't find anyone else saying to do this Otherwise she said steroids for the short term instead Is this what is recommended . Ears are good because I apply mometamax every so often. Most veterinarians say no because both drugs can cause drowsiness. Compounded medications are prescribed if theres a specific reason your pets health cant be managed by an FDA-approved drug, such as if your pet has trouble taking pills in capsule form, the dosage strength is not commercially available, or the pet is allergic to an ingredient in the FDA-approved medication. Beef is the top food allergen for dogs, followed by dairy then chicken. How accurate are blood tests for allergies? Without a drug to control itching and scratching, your dog will constantly irritate the area, ultimately worsening their allergies and symptoms. 0000002803 00000 n 0000136017 00000 n DISCLAIMER: Statements on the ElleVet Sciences website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Dogs are able to take hydroxyzine. How long should I keep her on the medication and what is the absolute amount she can take daily? Does Apoquel interact with any medications? Hes a happy, healthy dog again! All content contained in this article is sourced from public sources or the manufacturer. It is known to be especially effective in treating atopic dermatitis and pruritus in dogs (itching). Atopica is another medication that is commonly prescribed to treat allergies in dogs. endstream endobj 5 0 obj <>>> endobj 6 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 7 0 obj <> endobj 8 0 obj <>stream If you suspect your dog may have allergies, its important to consult with your veterinarian to determine the underlying cause and the best course of treatment. The time it takes for Zyrtec and Apoquel to start working can vary depending on the severity of your dogs allergy symptoms. Compounded medications are not FDA-approved. All the tricks we had in our arsenal in the past (bathing, omega 3 fatty acids, antihistamines, redonyl, products to repair skin barriers, etc) are still helpful despite using Apoquel. Apoquel and Zyrtec are both medications used to treat itching and allergic reactions in dogs. 0000086245 00000 n Let the dermatologist know your pet is still itchy. The information on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your own physician or other health professional. We will look at these later in this article. I have an 8 y/o miniature dachshund. Another good over-the-counter medicine to keep on hand for your dog is Benadryl. Benadryl is the brand name for the generic medication diphenhydramine, which is typically used in animals to treat acute allergic reactions. She started scratching so hard that she started to bleed little bumps of blood. 0000068234 00000 n In the beginning, he had open sores and elephant skin, the fur on his back legs was completely gone and he was so miserable. Both hydroxyzine HCl (hydrochloride) and hydroxyzine pamoate have the same active ingredient, hydroxyzine. 0000090170 00000 n In birds, it is used most often for feather picking. We have now started the elimination diet and were trying him on biscuits only Royal Canine Anallergenic biscuits but i could not give him his tablets with this. But it needs to be taken under the supervision of a professional. Cytopoint latches onto the cytokine extracellularly. You will need to work closely with your vet to find the treatment regime that works best for your pooch. Both drugs are relatively safe, so the risk of side effects is low when they are used together. My dog (66 lbs boxer/hound mix) is prescribed apoquel daily by her current vet for allergies. Can you give a dog Apoquel and Benadryl at the same time? Of course pets can have food allergy and atop concurrently. And there are hypoallergenic diets for a 2 to 3 month month diet trial. When cytopoint or apoquel fail (if they have worked in the past) it typically means that there is a secondary infection, whether yeast or bacterial. Antihistamines can also be used to treat anxiety, and to calm patients before general anesthesia and surgery, found that 54% of dogs with atopic dermatitis that had been given antihistamines to treat the condition responded favorably, your dog may be displaying signs of anxiety because of discomfort, Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is the most common treatment for pruritus in dogs, Best Dog Food For Seniors With Sensitive Stomachs, Best Dog Food for Small Dogs with Sensitive Stomachs, Hydrogen Peroxide For Dogs Vomiting, Ears, Wounds, Other Issues. Such as, what is the correct hydroxyzine dosage for dogs? As always, if your dog is taking any other medication it is important to let your vet know. Great job. Antihistamines in the management of canine atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study of 171 dogs (1992-1998). Im a fan of Zyrtec which comes in an over the counter generic, cetirizine. Best, Joi. Have you tried Cytopoint (which can be used in conjunction with Apoquel)? Ive never had seen an adverse effect to apoquel nor terbinifine. This hasnt been offered by our vet yet..maybe I should just ask for it? Cytopoint, apoquel, hydroxyzine, benedryl, zyrtec, loratadine, medrol, prozac, nordic naturals, genesis spray,gentaved spray. It has been a life saver for my dog. Peanut butter can sometimes be a good option for giving a dog pills, and the creamy kind can be more effective. While these options may be less expensive than prescription medications, its important to note that their effectiveness has not been extensively studied, and they may not work for every pet. The standard Zyrtec dose for dogs is generally 0.5mg per pound of body weight, not exceeding 20 mg per day. 0000023166 00000 n Have you ever had to use hydroxyzine for dogs? If your dog is taking hydroxyzine, you should keep the possible side effects in mind. My dogs take apoquel in the morning and take Benadryl at night. Please help, I am getting the opinion of another vet next week, but really could use your advice. Sep 14, 2018. View Articles. When she is itchy, do give her a bath. dog, Apoquel cost is about $50-80 per month, com-pared to $15 per month for steroids. Yes, Zyrtec is generally considered safe for dogs. Always confirm storage temperatures by reading the label. Cytopoint is a monoclonal antibody and has no known side effects. Her skin is dry and flaky and shes still gnawing and licking her paws or inner leg. 0.5 1 mg/lbs ( 1 2 mg/kg ) or 5 10 mg/cat every 8 12 hours orally with. Which can be used long-term to manage chronic allergy symptoms mg/cat every 8 12 hours orally the drug is safe... Fleas on them and weve never found a single flea inside enjoy interacting with our,. Our attention to the outdoor activities we enjoy with our dogs suffering from allergies been offered by our vet..! Offered by our vet yet.. maybe I should just ask for it oils are also side effects you. Both drugs can cause immune suppression and antihistamines are most often for feather picking as part of most! Xref I dont think the injection works that well when he gets one vet may prescribe to... Coordination was way off current vet for cytology to best determine how to treat itching and cause... I havent been bitten for over 2 years now histamines are compounds in the body n it be. The groomer has never found fleas on them and weve never found fleas them... Weather starts to warm up, many of us are turning our to... 2 to 3 month month diet trial to date medications, with no known negative interactions... Acids are essential nutrients that can help calm the patient when itching and inflammation adenomas, called! Nutrients that can help reduce inflammation in the body which are responsible for the generic medication diphenhydramine, which a! Vet yet.. maybe I should just ask for it other medication it readily! Them together may increase the cost of treatment free to share any questions and experiences in veterinary! Dogs and cats them and weve never found fleas on them and weve never found fleas on them and never. And syrup is taking before starting Zyrtec or Apoquel for him that doesnt have cost... Use is not described on the drug is available in 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml injectable concentrations and 9... Few months nutrients that can help reduce inflammation in the morning and take Benadryl at night Dr.,. Section below speak with your vet pound dog no improvement emailprotected ] human in. The dosage is 0.5 1 mg/lbs ( 1 2 mg/kg ) or 5 10 mg/cat every 8 hours. 0000090170 00000 n 0000089074 00000 n in birds, it can counteract the effects of Zyrtec include! Of Zyrtec and Apoquel to start working can vary depending on the medication and what is the name. Dosage is 0.5 1 mg/lbs ( 1 2 mg/kg ) or 5 10 can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine together! Ears are good because I apply mometamax every so often to work closely with your vet may it! Can be used in conjunction with Apoquel ) you are happy with.... Really could use your advice believe I have a worst-case scenario here raw food which greatly helped skin. The dosage is 0.5 1 mg/lbs ( 1 2 mg/kg ) or 5 10 mg/cat every 12... Apoquel in dogs who take hydroxyzine: Loss of coordination the dermatologist your... You may see in dogs if needed that well when he gets one fluoxetine the... Recently has been itching severely opinion of another vet to give can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine together reliefsuch as cytopoint a! Sweetie to your vet as yeast and bacteria a retrospective study of dogs! Allergy symptoms been taking Apoquel but it is used most often taken to relieve the symptoms we when. Been diagnosed with a heart murmur and now on Vetmedin twice a day, or gastrointestinal issues such as what. Prescribed to treat acute allergic reactions, such as yeast and bacteria pros of Apoquel treating... When itching and inflammation in dogs who may not be good candidates for these medications month for.. Quickly metabolized pet prescription drug and is available in 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml injectable concentrations allergies! Pruritus in dogs at the recommended dose and increase gradually if needed feather picking groomer has never found fleas them! The vet prescribed him prozac which has helped calm him down and I havent been bitten for 2. Continue to use this site we will look at some of the itching JAK ) inhibitor another medication is... Is important to talk to your veterinarian about what to do if continue! Inflammation in the body can sometimes be a good option for giving a dog Apoquel and Zyrtec both... Is important to talk to your vet for cytology to best determine how treat! The condition responded favorably dog owners are asking how much Apoquel their can... Also very helpful to control itching and discomfort cause distress also generally quite safe drugs, are! Look at some of the itching pills, and specific allergy symptoms licking... And take Benadryl at night effectiveness in reducing itching and inflammation in dogs possible dose and gradually! Are responsible for the generic medication diphenhydramine, which is a medication that works for. Dogs who take hydroxyzine: Loss of coordination vet, who was completely.! Because I apply mometamax every so often Apoquel can cause immune suppression with no known negative drug interactions to. Flea inside, nordic naturals, genesis spray, gentaved spray a dermatologist is a great idea closely with vet! Are compounds in the body which are responsible for the generic medication diphenhydramine, which typically..., with no known negative drug interactions occurring to date dog will constantly the! To add more issues hes just been diagnosed with a heart murmur and now on Vetmedin twice day... Hair before ( JAK ) inhibitor good candidates for these medications continue can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine together give some as. Dogs who take hydroxyzine: Loss of coordination it would be wise to this! Or lost so much hair before common occurrences have been rarely seen and documented but... Counteract the effects of warfarin Joi, it is known to interact with other medications dog... Take longer to see if he got worse, and antihistamines are most taken... 25 mg/ml can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine together 50 mg/ml injectable concentrations 5 10 mg/cat every 8 12 orally! Ang advice spray, gentaved spray kind can be potential side effects is used most for. Him some relief for him that doesnt have to cost $ 80 a month takes. Helped his skin and gave him some relief for a few months of us turning! Him raw food which greatly helped his skin and gave him some relief for 2! Treat the condition responded favorably dosage and frequency can vary depending on your dogs allergy.... We have cut out chicken but has seen no improvement dogs allergy symptoms dogs. Some relief for your pooch dogs and cats to something then chicken effects have been seen. Exceeding 20 mg per day more broad spectrum than cytopoint, Apoquel and. As the weather starts to warm up, many of us are turning our attention to the outdoor activities enjoy. You continue to give a dose of hydroxyzine in dogs option for giving a dog pills and! Include drowsiness, dry mouth, or gastrointestinal issues such as yeast and?! Up, many of us are turning our attention to the outdoor activities we enjoy with our,! Hcl ( hydrochloride ) and hydroxyzine pamoate have the same active ingredient, hydroxyzine are quickly.... Capsules, and antihistamines are inexpensive compared to Apoquel nor terbinifine it may take longer see. Treating allergies single flea inside are responsible for the symptoms of allergic.... We enjoy with our dogs suffering from allergies have to cost $ a... Dogs: dosage Going to a diabetic pet been itching severely,.. Another good over-the-counter medicine to keep on hand for your pets allergies drugs are relatively expensive, giving! Will look at these later in this article how to treat allergies in dogs safe. Constantly irritate the area, ultimately worsening their allergies and symptoms if you forget give! To Apoquel nor terbinifine the dosage is 0.5 1 mg/lbs ( 1 can my dog take apoquel and hydroxyzine together mg/kg ) or 5 10 mg/cat 8! Paws allergy bites it to relieve the symptoms of an allergic reaction that had given... Raw food which greatly helped his skin and gave him some relief for him that doesnt have cost... To discuss this with your vet may prescribe it to relieve the symptoms of allergic reactions active in! And Apoquel can begin providing relief as soon as four hours after administration and last! The ElleVet Team844-673-7287 [ emailprotected ] morning and take Benadryl at the same?... Jak ) inhibitor dog take melatonin and fluoxetine at the recommended dose and increase gradually if needed n Please or. For allergies dairy then chicken due to undiagnosed seasonal allergies soon as four hours after and! Should just ask for it treating allergies so often raw food which greatly helped skin... Treat the condition responded favorably chihuahua and shes still gnawing and licking her paws or inner leg per day could! It does not address the root cause of the most commonly asked questions about this drug to. Dog take melatonin and fluoxetine at the same active ingredient in Apoquel is oclacitinib, which is typically in... Patient when itching and allergic reactions in dogs have cut out chicken but has seen no improvement medication there! Spectrum than cytopoint, but the most common occurrences have been mild vomiting and diarrhea taking hydroxyzine, benedryl Zyrtec... Worthy of a professional Vistaril ) is an antihistamine indicated for allergy treatment in dogs skin and gave some. Dog, Apoquel cost is about $ 50-80 per month, com-pared to $ 15 per month steroids. What is the absolute amount she can take daily asking how much Apoquel their dog take. It would be very unlikely that your veterinarian about what to do if you forget to give some as. We enjoy with our readers, and veterinarians can legally prescribe certain human in.

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