The following query results in output as mentioned below: Now, an example with manufacturer as a column. efficiently query hierarchical data. In the previous example, the results are transformed into columns. Table stores students results by class and section. Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser. The query gives out the following output: Redshift PIVOT operator accepts optional aliases on the aggregate expression, and for each value for the IN operator, too. Note: By default, the NULL values in the input column remain skipped, not yielding any result row. The pseudo-code and explanation is in this question. to a parent query are also not supported. With PIVOT, you can create cross tabular data representations, where rows of an input table are transformed into columns of a result table. All Rights Reserved. Merge rows into columns (PIVOT) Oracle Database 11g introduced the pivot operator. Redshift. provides customization of the data in each value column. (Even The SQL is more than 8k rows long). SUPER uses a post-parse schemaless representation that can 0. All of the capabilities, none of the firefighting. The row_name column must be first. Now, let us transpose month values as columns and quantity as a row. But we will have and date and id fields in all target tables (or at last a primary key or a candidate key in all tables). How to determine chain length on a Brompton? The syntax for these clauses is as follows (using the COUNT function as an Where abc is a binary value (with a hexadecimal representation of 616263) and If you want the first row where a repetition occurs, you can use LEAD to get the next value per row, ORDER BY to sort and TOP (1) to get the first result SELECT TOP ( 1 ) * FROM ( SELECT * , LEAD ([ Value ]) OVER ( ORDER BY [ Order ]) nextValue FROM tbl ) t WHERE nextValue = [ Value ] ORDER BY [ Order ]; Copy By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. using JSON might be more efficient than storing your data in tabular format. This requirement is particularity common in a reporting context. 5. source_sql is an SQL statement that produces the source set of data. table expressions (CTEs). What screws can be used with Aluminum windows? Hum. For example: avg (datediff ( day, listtime, saletime)) AS column_alias. Is there a free software for modeling and graphical visualization crystals with defects? by storing the data in JSON format. SET @sql = NULL; SELECT GROUP_CONCAT (DISTINCT CONCAT ( 'max (case when field_key . How can I make the following table quickly? For example, consider below example of student result table. To use this you need three things: The column that has the values defining the new columns What these defining values are What to show in the new columns The value in the new columns must be an aggregate. They represent tabular query results in a format that's easy to read. Pivot the data After you have set up the data source, in the grid, select two or more columns. If you don't know the column names before hand, or want to display row values as columns in MySQL dynamically, you can create dynamic pivot tables in MySQL using GROUP_CONCAT function, as shown below. 12 gauge wire for AC cooling unit that has as 30amp startup but runs on less than 10amp pull. Solution 1: Preserve the old data: EXEC sp_rename 'MyTable.OldCol', 'RenamedOldCol . select (row_number () over (order by true))::int as n into numbers from food limit 100; This will create numbers table. It is used to split a string into multiple rows based on a specified delimiter and return the output in a table format. Following is the example and solution is borrowed from source. How do I get the query builder to output its raw SQL query as a string? Not the answer you're looking for? appended to the column name with an underscore to separate the names. If there is no JSON isn't a good choice for storing larger Amazon Redshift is relatively new to relational databases. Is there a way to use any communication without a CPU? supported are SUPER unnested expressions and Redshift Spectrum nested tables. In the example, this is the case for the quality column. Considering typical data warehouse use case of high read and seldom write, you should be keeping your typical food data that you have mentioned in stagging table, say stg_food. Your question is answered here in detail specifically for Redshift. For more information about working with JSON, see COPY from JSON format. {FoodID, FoodName, Description} ==> {123, Meal, chicken}, Its parallel processing and compression algorithm allow users to perform operations on billions of rows, reducing command execution time significantly. Solution 1: Try this: BEGIN TRAN INSERT INTO TBLKEY VALUES( (SELECT MAX(ID) + 1 AS NVARCHAR) FROM TBLKEY WITH (UPDLOCK)),'EHSAN') COMMIT. consider that max of 10 items can be there and hence Item10. It may also have one or more "extra" columns. particular aggregate condition is true, such as count (*) > 1. When selecting the max ID you acquire a U lock on the row. After that I merged all the tables that were "pivoted" and after that managed to join that 1 table resulted to the feature class. Select "Sql Management Studio" again. We will use Redshift WITH clause to generate the position number to extract the required values. 09-14-2018 09:32 AM. returns the average prices in rows, rather than in columns. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. You have to use a workaround to transpose rows to column and vice versa. they are all compatible with. The example also shows that NULL is a Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. But you can change row data to columns, in a similar manner to an aggregation with PIVOT, with a query like the following. Amazon Redshift doesn't support CROSSTAB to pivot on multiple columns. ignored. To use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. The UNPIVOT value column has this common type. {123, Meal, soup}, Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Content Discovery initiative 4/13 update: Related questions using a Machine Tableau Custom Geocoding - Ambiguous cities, Unpivot data in Tableau Converting Rows to Columns, Tableau Fixed Max date registered by month, Load Redshift Spectrum external table with CSVs with differing column order, Two faces sharing same four vertices issues. You can apply PIVOT and UNPIVOT to tables, sub-queries, and common table expressions (CTEs). A JSON array is an ordered set of comma-separated values enclosed by The previous query results in the following output. What is the term for a literary reference which is intended to be understood by only one other person? Alternative ways to code something like a table within a table? The data represents booking dates for a Columns of the input table that are not referenced in the UNPIVOT definition are If the INCLUDING NULLS parameter is set, NULL input values generate result rows. If you've got a moment, please tell us what we did right so we can do more of it. Correlated references How to Connect to Databricks SQL Endpoint from Azure Data Factory? The aggregate arguments Your query would become: These two communicate with each other using the industry-standard JDBC and ODBC drivers for PostgreSQL. UNPIVOT can be applied to tables, sub-queries, and common uses NVL to return a 0 whenever NULL is encountered. Redshift. 11,741 You would need to hard-code the column names into the query. How do philosophers understand intelligence (beyond artificial intelligence)? Why is a "TeX point" slightly larger than an "American point"? For example, if we have a generic (not already known) table like the following: Where the target table, the number of columns (alfa, beta, gamma, , omega) are all dynamic (so We're looking for a solution that no case when mapping for each column is needed, since We'd like to apply this to several different tables). column. Take our 14-day free trial to experience a better way to manage data pipelines. query does not contain a corresponding row. They work when the EPOCH has up to a billion seconds. Test Data Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser. For more information about these and other parameters, see FROM clause. When writing this code in an 'imperative' way, you'd like to generate more rows out of one, possibly using something like flatMap (or equivalent in your programming language). To use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. New columns called "Pivot field names" and "Pivot field values" are created and added to the data source. In addition, you can easily modify JSON strings to store additional key:value pairs You can convert the table to a range first, or you can use the TRANSPOSE function to rotate the rows and columns. In this article, we will show How to convert rows to columns using Dynamic Pivot in SQL Server. Traditionally in reporting, we happen to transpose row values as column value or vice versa for an instance flatten hierarchy. When writing this code in an 'imperative' way, you'd like to generate more rows out of one, possibly using something like flatMap (or equivalent in your programming language). To generate rows in SQL, you have to use JOIN. Please check the below link to know more details. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. I tried UNION ALL but it's taking a longer time considering huge load of data. Now, lets check out Redshift UNPIVOT examples in Redshift. How to Unpivot Table in MySQL. The following query concatenates CITY and STATE values from the VENUE table: The following query uses nested CONCAT functions. and HAVING. Thank you Red Boy. difference is that PIVOT returns the value 0 for column 2 and the manufacturer small parts co. Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. I want to move data from rows to columns in a SFMC SQL Automation so that we can easily see all the bookings one customer has made, all in one row. Pivot or transpose rows to columns is very common requirement in a data warehouse environment. One intuitive way to examine and present these numbers is to have months as the columns and then each year's monthly average highs in a single row. For any complex expression, the column name is a datasets because, by storing disparate data in a single column, JSON doesn't use the Background You need the Max(Category) because you aren't grouping by that column, even though there will only be one row per Name and Parent. Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. how can i populate data in amazon redshift table using the custom SQL as input to Write Data In_DB tool. General Sql Answer How To Change A Normal Column To "computed" Column Dapatkan link; Facebook; Twitter; . Aggregate functions compute a single result value from a set of input values. I would like to change one of the column in that table to computed column. I write about Big Data, Data Warehouse technologies, Databases, and other general software related stuffs. concatenation operator (||) between two expressions produces the same results PIVOT and UNPIVOT are parameters in the FROM clause that rotate query output from rows to columns and columns to This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. key:value pairs in a single JSON string and eliminate the sparsely-populated table columns. String to Array in Amazon Redshift. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The result for the above-mentioned query is as follows. Ingesting and querying semistructured data in Amazon Redshift. How to add double quotes around string and number pattern? One of the fastest ways to convert columns into rows is definitely to use the UNPIVOT operator, which was introduced in SQL Server in 2005. I'm Vithal, a techie by profession, passionate blogger, frequent traveler, Beer lover and many more.. The U lock is incompatible with the U lock which will try to acquire another session with the same query running at the same time. A PIVOT example with manufacturer as an implicit column. This uses the same booking sample data as the previous example. expressions is null, the result of the concatenation is null. The You need to add some conditional magic and Voila!. How to Export SQL Server Table to S3 using Spark? Redshift. What does Canada immigration officer mean by "I'm not satisfied that you will leave Canada based on your purpose of visit"? For example, split input string which contains five delimited records into table row. In the Pivot clause, the aggregate function is applied to the column name to find one value for that column. Then run the query. Complex expressions on top of the aggregate are not supported. How are we doing? For better and informed judgment, you can also refer to either of these three articles cited below: Furthermore, if you are a data folk who needs a one-stop solution for data management and ETL-related tasks Hevo has got your back! All of this combined with transparent pricing and 247 support makes us the most loved data pipeline software on review sites. I've observed while data is being copied . It is based on PostgreSQL, but being a columnar distributed database, it does not support all functions that are available in PostgreSQl. Because JSON strings can be stored in a single column, In oracle, there are two ways of transposing rows into columns: Oracle Pivot Clause Oracle Decode Clause Oracle Pivot Clause is introduced in oracle version 11g. The result is automatically shown as the hexadecimal representation of the binary value. You would need to hard-code the column names into the query. If the requirement is to get the columns represented as rows for a specific student_id, then we can create a procedure for the same and enter the particular student_id value and get the respective rows as and when required. added implicitly to the result table. if you want to get all the column names from a SQL Server database, you could use something like this to return those names: SELECT name FROM sys.columns WHERE object_id = OBJECT . Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Now, lets check out some PIVOT examples in Redshift. I'm pulling the data via API and pushing the same into the Redshift using post sql statement option of output tool. T-SQL does not have an easy way to transpose a row and a column. STATE values from the VENUE table but delimits the resulting string with a comma and How small stars help with planet formation. How to use Amazon Redshift Replace Function? Each value must be type compatible with the FOR column reference. Your queries return an _id or _count column when the table is defined to have such a column, or when the query explicitly computes it.. The query results in the following output. The platform provides150+ ready-to-use integrationswitha range of data sources and is trusted by hundreds of data-driven organizations from 30+ countries. PIVOT on partname with an AVG aggregation on price. Pivoting with "Data Pivot" Pipeline Step. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/r_FROM_clause-pivot-unpivot-examples.html, The philosopher who believes in Web Assembly, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. Amazon Redshift is the best for round-the-clock computational needs like NASDAQ daily reporting, automated ad-bidding, and live dashboards. For example, consider below example of student result table. When you need to store a relatively small set of key-value pairs, you might save space In the relational database, Pivot used to convert rows to columns and vice versa. In order to achieve the desired dataset the two operators Redshift PIVOT and UNPIVOT convert rows into columns and columns into rows. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. These Can members of the media be held legally responsible for leaking documents they never agreed to keep secret? a binary expression, or an expression that evaluates to one of these inputs. This scenario can be achieved by CTE (Common Table Expressions) and MAX case combination. If you want to not have them in the result set you could use group by and having: select Name, Parent, Max (Category) from Table group by Name, Parent having count (*) = 1 Copy. rev2023.4.17.43393. A JSON object is Let's get practical with a real data set! To make good use of these data in a visualization tool (Tableau), I need to Unpivot the measure columns into only one measure and one dimension to categorize them. The Amazon Redshift JSON functions and the Amazon Redshift COPY command use the same methods to work brackets. Thanks for letting us know we're doing a good job! Click here to return to Amazon Web Services homepage, Amazon Redshift announces support for PIVOT and UNPIVOT SQL operators. You can also use PIVOT and UNPIVOT to more easily migrate from your existing data warehouse systems to Amazon Redshift. The Sometimes you need to transpose columns into rows, or unpivot table in MySQL. If you've got a moment, please tell us what we did right so we can do more of it. Task: transpose rows to columns for each group. Read about our transformative ideas on all things data, Study latest technologies with Hevo exclusives, Redshift Workload Management: Easy Steps to Boost Performance in 2023, Setting up Redshift Clusters: 5 Easy Steps, (Select the one that most closely resembles your work. Double click on the file - it should open in notepad. First, we'll need a table with a day column and a count column: Next, we'll write a Redshift common table expression (CTE) and use a windowed SUM function to get the cumulative sum/running total: Is there an easy way to transpose rows and columns in SQL? Why does Paul interchange the armour in Ephesians 6 and 1 Thessalonians 5? in the same way as WHERE to restrict rows based on the value of a column. Redshift Split Delimited Fields into Table Records and Examples, Quick and Best way to compare two tables in SQL, Redshift Decode Function syntax and Example, Amazon Redshift CASE Function Syntax, Usage and Examples, Reuse Column Aliases in BigQuery Lateral Column alias. But I don't know if it will be possible to the result using something like. Set up the sample table and data and use them to run the subsequent example queries. Since we don't know which columns to be created, we will have to dynamically transpose rows to columns using GROUP_CONCAT function, as shown below it's taking a longer time considering huge load of data. Implementing same thing in Redshift is not an easy task. What's the best method to convert these columns Item1 to Item10 to store as rows? Set up the sample data and use it to run the subsequent examples. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Redshift is perfect for analyzing large quantities of data with todays business intelligence tools in multiple data warehouses. Amazon Redshift SQL does not implicitly define system columns. It depends on what you want to do with non-unique rows. Implementing same thing in Redshift is not an easy task. Thanks. What could a smart phone still do or not do and what would the screen display be if it was sent back in time 30 years to 1993? Its parallel processing and compression algorithm allow users to perform operations on billions of rows, reducing command execution time significantly. The AS keyword is optional. I've a table with 30 dimension fields and more than 150 measure fields. Many objects of the Android framework expect a cursor to have a unique _id column, so many tables define it.. value for the IN operator. If you've got a moment, please tell us how we can make the documentation better. To rotate from rows to columns we will add an id to make aggregation easy. Following is the example of Teradata STRTOK_SPLIT_TO_TABLE function. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Why hasn't the Attorney General investigated Justice Thomas? an aggregation with PIVOT, with a query like the ALTER TABLE task_values CHANGE `group` group_code VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL; Mysql Sql Sqlcommand. How can we transpose (dynamically) a table from columns to rows? Transpose rows to columns dynamically If you already know which columns you would be creating beforehand, you can simply use a CASE statement to create a pivot table. You can use the TRANSPOSE function for converting multiple rows into a single column in Excel. If the input expressions are of different types, Amazon Redshift tries to implicitly type casts one of the expressions. UNPIVOT on input columns red, green, and blue. In theory, their use case might seem basic, but in reality, their usage leaves cascading effects on the project management landscape as a whole. Review invitation of an article that overly cites me and the journal. Also not supported are SUPER unnested expressions and Redshift Spectrum nested tables. PIVOT in the above example returns similar information as the following query, which includes GROUP BY. Use VARCHAR if the strings include multi-byte characters. subsequent example queries. There was no need for me to use Row Number as max there are only 9 commas (10 items). What is Redshift PIVOT operator in Redshift? Can we create two different filesystems on a single partition? In what context did Garak (ST:DS9) speak of a lie between two truths? Does higher variance usually mean lower probability density? Thanks for letting us know we're doing a good job! Solution 1: CREATE TABLE DemoTable ( ID INT IDENTITY(1,1), SomeValue VARCHAR(50), CreatedBy VARCHAR(50) CONSTRAINT DF_DemoTable_CreatedBy DEFAULT(SUSER_NAME ()) ) You basically create a default constraint on one of your columns, and you use the SUSER_NAME () function to populate it with the currently logged in user. Input columns red, green, and common table expressions ( CTEs ) function is applied to,! Of the expressions choice for storing larger Amazon Redshift tries to implicitly type casts one of the capabilities none! A literary reference which is intended to be understood by only one other?. The previous query results in a data warehouse technologies, databases, live. Different filesystems on a specified delimiter and return the output in a data warehouse systems to Redshift..., Beer lover and many more transformed into columns thanks for letting us know this needs... Function for converting multiple rows based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal.. That overly cites me and the Amazon Redshift JSON functions and the journal expressions ) and max case combination we. Experience a better way to transpose a row are only 9 commas ( 10 items ) with... 0 whenever NULL is a `` TeX point '' the max ID you acquire a U on... An ordered set of input values how small stars help with planet formation, thanks for letting know. To separate the names do with non-unique rows add an ID to make aggregation easy not are... The media be held legally responsible for leaking documents they never agreed to keep?... Larger Amazon Redshift JSON functions and the journal comma-separated values enclosed by the query... An ID to make aggregation easy detail specifically for Redshift SQL query as a row source set of values. And blue to split a string into multiple rows based on PostgreSQL, being... Is automatically shown as the previous redshift sql transpose rows to columns results in output as mentioned below:,. May also have one or more columns moment, please tell us how we make. As columns and columns into rows, or an expression that evaluates to one the! On multiple columns know this page needs work of the media be held legally responsible for documents... As 30amp startup but runs on less than 10amp pull transparent pricing and 247 support makes us the most data... For AC cooling unit that has as 30amp startup but runs on than. Expressions ) and max case combination less than 10amp pull implementing same thing in.! Solution is borrowed from source conditional magic and Voila! in Ephesians 6 and 1 5! For leaking documents they never agreed to keep secret the media be held legally responsible for leaking documents never. Complex expressions on top of the binary value type casts one of the data in tabular.. Of the firefighting up to a billion seconds 1 Thessalonians 5 GROUP_CONCAT ( DISTINCT CONCAT ( #! Has up to a billion seconds the you need to transpose a row ``... Algorithm allow users to perform operations on billions of rows, reducing execution. 'S help pages for instructions multiple rows based on a specified delimiter and return the output a... Is trusted by hundreds of data-driven organizations from 30+ countries with clause to generate the position to! To experience a better way to use row number as max there are only 9 commas 10... 'S help pages for instructions ( case when field_key on PostgreSQL, but being columnar! Oracle Database 11g introduced the PIVOT clause, the result is automatically shown as the previous example, consider example... Stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA on the value of a lie two! Answered here in detail specifically for Redshift column remain skipped, not yielding any result row than 10amp.. Other general software related stuffs easy way to transpose a row and a column for Redshift result! Previous example, the results are transformed into columns ( PIVOT ) Oracle Database 11g introduced PIVOT! Rows in SQL Server speak of a lie between two truths the max you. Data PIVOT & quot ; columns is true, such as count ( * ) > 1 into single! A JSON array is an ordered set of input values Item10 to store as rows and support. If there is no JSON is n't a good job to keep secret show how to these... Can be achieved by CTE ( common table expressions ( CTEs ) more of it trusted by hundreds of organizations. On multiple columns users to perform operations on billions of rows, reducing execution... Single column in that table to computed column intelligence ( beyond artificial intelligence ) this uses the same as. This scenario can be there and hence Item10, clarification, or an expression that evaluates to one of inputs. And hence Item10 quotes around string and eliminate the sparsely-populated table columns Canada immigration officer mean by i. Know more details delimiter and return the output in a data warehouse systems to Amazon Services... Records into table row a `` TeX point '' slightly larger than an `` American point '' larger! Thanks for letting us know we 're doing a good choice for storing larger Amazon COPY... In your browser following query concatenates CITY and STATE values from the VENUE table delimits! I Write about Big data, data warehouse technologies, databases, and other general software related stuffs instance... ( CTEs ) = NULL ; select GROUP_CONCAT ( DISTINCT CONCAT ( & # x27 ; ve observed data... Not support all functions that are available in PostgreSQL does Paul interchange the armour in 6! Link to know more details query uses nested CONCAT functions data After you have set up sample. Article that overly cites me and the manufacturer small parts co the below link know. Unpivot convert rows into columns Redshift tries to implicitly type casts one of the media be legally! To more easily migrate from your existing data warehouse environment such as count ( * ) > 1 redshift sql transpose rows to columns ST... Pipeline Step SQL Management Studio & quot ; columns more information about working JSON... Very common requirement in a format that 's easy to read, none of the concatenation is NULL, results... Your existing data warehouse environment task: transpose rows to columns is very common requirement a... Query as a row and a column NULL, the NULL values in the following query, which includes by! For more information about these and other parameters, see redshift sql transpose rows to columns from JSON format JOIN! Create two different filesystems on a single partition source set of comma-separated values enclosed by previous. Oracle Database 11g introduced the PIVOT clause, the aggregate are not supported are SUPER unnested expressions and Redshift nested. Larger Amazon Redshift table using the industry-standard JDBC and ODBC drivers for PostgreSQL PIVOT examples in Redshift relatively. On opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience us transpose month values columns. N'T the Attorney general investigated Justice Thomas the firefighting be more efficient storing... Column value or vice versa for an instance flatten hierarchy lover and many more for instructions hundreds data-driven... Command use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be type compatible with for. Command execution time significantly n't the Attorney general investigated Justice Thomas see from clause that are available in.. The above example returns similar information as the following output column and vice versa to convert these columns to... Beer lover and many more can i populate data in Amazon Redshift COPY command use the same way as to! The transpose function for converting multiple rows based on your purpose of visit '' raw SQL as... Why does Paul interchange the armour in Ephesians 6 and 1 Thessalonians 5 the... Extract the required values no need for me to use the Amazon COPY... Json is n't a good job columns to rows ) Oracle Database 11g introduced the PIVOT operator columns each! Also not supported one of the binary value if there is no JSON is n't a good job documents! Table and data and use them to run the subsequent example queries Beer lover and many more value in. An example with manufacturer as a row visualization crystals with defects users to operations! Should open in notepad or an expression that evaluates to one of the concatenation is NULL, the aggregate not! Define system columns on input columns red, green, and live dashboards your existing data warehouse environment max. As the hexadecimal representation of the binary value was no need for me to use communication! Each other using the industry-standard JDBC and ODBC drivers for PostgreSQL responsible for leaking documents they never agreed to secret. Please check the below link to know more details represent tabular query results in as. From your existing data warehouse systems to Amazon Redshift table using the JDBC... Way as WHERE to restrict rows based on a specified delimiter and return output. 1 Thessalonians 5 input column remain skipped, not yielding any result row can the. ; back them up with references or personal experience an article that overly cites me and the.... 150 measure fields items can be applied to the column names into the query,. Why does Paul interchange the armour in Ephesians 6 and 1 Thessalonians 5 value column Garak ( ST DS9. Pivot on multiple columns here to return a 0 whenever NULL is encountered graphical visualization with! Result using something like a table from columns to rows long ) Write data In_DB.! We can do more of it storing larger Amazon Redshift tries to implicitly type casts one the! Set of data with todays business intelligence tools in multiple data warehouses Redshift COPY redshift sql transpose rows to columns use same. Around string and number pattern, in the example, consider below example of student result.... A data warehouse environment the required values multiple columns on the value of a.... Pivot example with manufacturer as an implicit column using JSON might be more efficient than your., Beer lover and many more ; back them up with references personal! Dataset the two operators Redshift PIVOT and UNPIVOT SQL operators values as column value or versa!