except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs]., Any objective analysis of the evidence clearly shows that Black people reached the Americas thousands of years before Columbus. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.. What cultural impact did the outsiders have on American civilization?. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. The Olmecs were an advanced state and have been called the Cultura Madre of Pre-classic Mesoamerica; what perhaps defines them is the cosmopolitan nature of many of their artifacts. This analysis explores the various claims made and further discusses whether or not Van Sertima and Afro-centrists have any quantifiable/verifiable evidence to support the "Black America" hypothesis. One might merely ask himself: if Africans were not present in the Americas before Columbus, why the typically African physiognomy on the monuments? Jairazbhoy believes that the earliest settlers were ancient Egyptians led by King Ramesis III, during the nineteenth dynasty.44 Van Sertima contends that a small but significant number of men and a few women, in a fleet protected by a military force, moved west down the Mediterranean toward North Africa in the period 948-680 B.Cand got caught in the pull of one of the westward currents off the North African coast, either through storm or navigational error, and were carried across the Atlantic to the New World. In the following account the authors Anthony D. Hill, associate professor of drama at The Ohio State University, and Douglas Q. Barnett, director, producer, and founder of Black Arts/West in Seattle, discuss why they created the Historical Dictionary of African American Theater, the first comprehensive Read MoreThe Black Presence in Theater through the Centuries in the Historical . When the skulls were carefully examined, one of the world's leading skull The strongest evidence of African presence in America before Columbus comes from the pen of Columbus himself. Africans clearly played an intricate role in the Olmec Empires rise and that African influence peaked during the same period that ancient Black Egyptian culture ascended in Africa. and the Further concrete evidence, noted by Dr. Imhotep and largely ignored by Euro-centric archaeologists, includes Egyptian artifacts found across North America from the Algonquin writings on the East Coast to the artifacts and Egyptian place names in the Grand Canyon.. Price I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world10 Since Melgars discovery sixteen other colossal stone heads have been found in many parts of Mexico, including ancient sacred sites such as La Venta and Tres Zapotes in southern Mexico. Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains. We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. www.globalresearch.ca contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. <>>> He was visiting professor at Princeton University and lectured at more than one hundred colleges and universities. AFRICAN AND AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSLIM PRESENC1, the early stages of development in both England and Colonial America, citizens were responsible for law Examine the English roots of American policing. Wars, civil unrest and the dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607-60 4. What makes the Tres Zapotes, La Venta and other Olmec sites unique is that the artifacts are similar in nature to artifacts and icons of the Mycenaean, the Malinke-Mande/Bambara and the Shang. He also appeared before a Congressional Committee on July 7, 1987 to challenge the Columbus myth. Ranging up to 11.15 feet in height and weighing 30 to 40 tons, these statues generally depict helmeted Black men with large eyes, broad fleshy noses and full lips. The Olmec civilization, which was of African origin and dominated by Africans, was the first significant civilization in Mesoamerica and the Mother Culture of Mexico. Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . 4 0 obj In his view this fleet was probably led by Phoenician navigators who had been pressed into service by the Nubian pharaohs of Egypt during the twenty fifth dynasty.45. 1 0 obj or Were the ancient Turks, Akkads (Sumerians) and Dravidians (Tamils) the parents of Mexico and Meso-America, Magicians of the Gods by Graham Hancock (2015), Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs, ANCIENT INDIAN RELIGION CHAPTER 4 PART 4 ANCIENT INDIA APN, The Dragon and the Serpent: Quetzalcoatl, the Lng of China and the Serpent of Wisdom, Extended-Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmology (EPEMC, Afrocentric World Black Greeks Ancient Libyco-Berber Writing More Information on the Afrocentric World, Olmec (Mande) Loan Words in the Mayan, Mixe-Zoque and Taino Languages. stream However, during the early 1940s archeologists uncovered a civilization known as the Olmecs of 1200 BC, which pre-dated any other advanced civilization in the Americas. The material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research and educational purposes. Published online: 30 January 2020 Summary The presence of Africans in Asia and their migration around it is one of the least-studied subjects in all of Asian history. File, Mesoamerica was yet another world location for the emergence of an early civilization, but Mesoamerican societies were not necessarily connected to a single famous river (like the Nile) as the other early civilizations were, though there were plenty of rivers in the New World. African Presence in Early America. For publication of Global Research articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact: [emailprotected]. This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. In a book on the life of Columbus, his son, Ferdinand, reported that his father saw Black people himself when he reached the region just north of the country today called Honduras. The unknown element is to the extent of population coverage, acculturation, architecture, and intercontinental travel. African Origin of Civilization by Cheikh Anta Diop African Presence in Early America by Ivan Van Sertima African Presence In Early Asia by Runoko Rashidi and Ivan Van Sertima African Presence in Early Europe by Ivan Van Sertima African Woman the Original Guardian Angel by Ishakamusa Barashango Ivan Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient America, in Ivan Van Sertimas (ed.). The Secret Relationship Between Blacks & Jews: NOW AVAILABLE! Historian Nicholas Cheetham writes of the exaggeratedly Negroid features of the stone heads. Privateering, colonial expansion and the African presence in Early Anglo-Dutch Settlements 2. She is also W.E.B. African Presence in early Asia. Some African-Americans who played a significant role in the American Revolution were: Crispus Attucks - an African-American member of the Sons of Liberty who was the first person killed in the Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770. To begin with, and as a significant example, a Feb. 15, 1986, report carried by the, chronicled that: "The oldest Stone Age hut in Japan has been unearthed near Osaka. Editors note: This article was originally published in 2014. How African was the early human dispersal out of Africa, Dr. Scobie was a major authority on the African presence in early Western Europe. Africa and the Discovery of America - A 1920 Review from the Journal Of Negro History," Leo Weiner, p 164-168. . The African presence is proven by stone heads, terra cottas, skeletons, artifacts, techniques and inscriptions, by oral traditions and documented history, by botanical, linguistic and cultural data. At the same time, the work in no way denies the importance of the Columbus voyages for opening up the New World to Europe, and hence changing the economic and . Among them were the editors of Freedomways magazine, who brought their activist and organizing experiences in Popular Front coalitions in the 1930s and 1940s to bear on the civil rights . New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1985. The original Olmecs were Native Americans who were very probably colonized and acculturated by Africans who settled their homeland. Historian Nicholas Leon was of a similar opinion: The oldest inhabitants of Mexico, according to some, were Negroes, and according to others, the Otomies. ), Marco Merlini, Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe: an Inquiry into the Danube, Biblioteca Brukenthal XXXIII, Ministery of Culture of Romania and Brukenthal National Museum, Editura Altip, Alba Iulia, Ningishzidda and Ishkur - The Anunnaki connections between Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Mesoamerica, Analysis of Ivan Van Sertima's Afrocentric claims on Mesoamerica, An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing, Olmec Origins: A Look Into Their Cosmopolitan Origins, 13 clyde winters An Unofficial History of Dravidian Writing HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION revised, Black Warrior Dynasty: Afrocentricity and the New World, They Were Not Here Before Columbus: Afrocentricity in the 1990's, Unboxing Atlantis A top-down review of what we know, and don't know, about the Atlantean through Megalithic Period continents and cities; 36,000 -2,000 YBP, An Indelible Imprint of Literacy: The Olmec and African Presence in Pre-Columbian America (2007), How Drawing Becomes Writing: Proto-Orthography in the Codex Borbonicus, Sex in the Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, The dravidian and mayan relation ship a comparisonWho Brought The Mayans To Mexico? The Black Experience in Colonial Latin America Latin Their rights were severely limited, and they were long denied a . Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and amazingly negroid in character.16, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads17 European journalist and Olmec specialist, Walter Hanf, describes carved colossal heads with Negroid features, deformed and close-shaven skulls, blunt noses, and protruding lips.18 Author and anthropologist Sharon McKern states that the colossal heads are inescapably Negroid.19. This high culture is now known as the Olmec civilization. The book is divided into six parts: The First Europeans: African Presence in the Ancient Mediterranean Isles and Mainland Greece; Africans in the European Religious Hierarchy (madonnas, saints and popes); African Presence in Western Europe; African Presence in Northern Europe; African Presence in Eastern Europe. Become Member of To solve the most common PDF-display issues, follow the steps in Troubleshoot viewing PDF files on the web. This phase of its history is called the Harappan, the name being derived from Harappa, one of the earliest known Indus Valley cities. Collosal head of Afro-Olmec (Xi) warrior-king, circa 1100 B.C. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Part I of the book explores these roots in the Middle East, West Africa, and antebellum America. Readings - African Presence in Early America, "Leo Weiner, A Plea For Reexamination," David J.M. Are you ready to come out from where you hide? In this book, Ivan Van Sertima explores his theory that Africans made landfall and had significant influence on the native peoples of Mesoamerica, primarily the Olmec civilization. In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. The Indus Valley civilization was at its height from about 2200 B.C.E. Ivan Van Sertima. Runoko Rashidi is an anthropologist and historian with a major focus on what he calls the Global African Presence-that is, Africans outside of Africa before and after enslavement. Other indicators include, astronomy, art, writing systems, flora and fauna. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Scopri il pi grande eBookstore del mondo e inizia a leggere oggi stesso su Web, tablet, telefono o eReader. early Aztecs, were profoundly influenced by Abu Bakari and his agents in the areas of technology, economics, religion, and the arts. One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St Are you ready to meet us and our scholars in the public so that the world may see who is a liar and who is telling the truth? A clear indicator of pre-Columbus African trans-Atlantic travel is the recent archeological findings of narcotics native to America in Ancient Egyptian mummies, which have astounded contemporary historians. This book was released on 2003-09-23 with total page 358 pages. He was the author of numerous scholarly articles and historical essays on the subject, including a series of five articles for the Journal of African Civilizations. Prince Easterbrooks - a slave in Lexington who had enlisted in Captain John Parker's militia and who was wounded at Concord, April 19, 1775. 183. Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, op. A similar sculpture has been discovered at the Olmec site of Portrero Nuevo. In 1920, a renowned American historian and linguist, Leo Weiner of Harvard University, in his book, Africa and the discovery of America, explained how Columbus noted in his journal that Native Americans had confirmed that black skinned people had come from the south-east in boats, trading in gold-tipped spears., One of the first documented instances of Africans sailing and settling in the Americas were black Egyptians led by King Ramses III, during the 19th dynasty in 1292 BC. Addeddate 2021-01-11 01:39:57 This paper analyzes one such claim made about Mesoamerica and its supposed West African, Nubian, and Egyptian roots made by Ivan Van Sertima, a former professor of an Ivy League university. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. DuBois (1897, 1902) and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963). Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. - Volume 28 Issue 3 The book makes a carefully balanced case for an African presence in America before Columbus' voyages. The New York African Burial Ground reports. Gigantic stone head of Afro-Olmec (Xi People) of ancient Mexico, circa 1100 B.C. As time allows us to drift further and further away from the European age of exploration and we move beyond an age of racial intellectual prejudice, historians are beginning to recognize that Africans were skilled navigators long before Europeans, contrary to popular belief. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. ed. This videos purpose is to stress to Africans in America and the world that our history did not start with slavery in the New World. The information presented on this page and in the brochure is explored at greater length in Fishers' Discovering Early California Afro-Latino Presence (Heyday Books, 2010). For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master., Ivan Van Sertima, Evidence For An African Presence in Pre-Columbian America, in Ivan Van Sertima (ed.). Armah . I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus.34, A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. $ 14.29 - $ 27.29. Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. African Presence in Early Asia and Early Europe, a new online workshop by Runoko Rashidi, focuses on African people around parts of the world where their presence is significant but little know. He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets., In describing the Olmec head, Melgar wrote that what astonished me was the Ethiopic [Black African] type which it represents. As in Darien, these Africans were also captives of war among the native Americans. BLACK AFRICAS HISTORY This book was salvational in many ways at the time of its publication. to the African continent and its inhabitants, reinforced by Renaissance ideas and conditions. 1995. . station39.cebu Directed by REMONE L. FOSTER, LL.B IMPORTANT NOTICE The first topic on the CAPE History Unit 1 syllabus requires students to consider one Advanced indigenous group (Maya, Inca or Aztec) and one simple indigenous group (Tupi, Kalinago and Taino). Publication date 1992 Topics Blacks . villages, no pyramid appears until much later.40, While we could continue to cite infinite similarities between ancient African and New World cultures in various fields including linguistics and botany, let us turn instead to consider the likely origin of the Africans who appear to have reached and profoundly influenced American culture thousands of years before Columbus. Global Research An overwhelming body of new evidence is emerging which proves that Africans had frequently sailed across the Atlantic to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus and indeed before Christ. ), Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. DuBois Fellow at Harvard Uni- . BLACK SHOGUN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. The most striking similarities between the two cultures are seen in the magnificent stone structures that have been found on both sides of the Atlantic. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. He also claimed It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. Mayan and African oral traditions speak of pre-Columbian expeditions across the Atlantic from east to west;41 and the modern explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, has demonstrated that ships modeled after the ancient Egyptian papyrus boat could indeed successfully make such a journey.42 Other Africans also built sturdy, seaworthy ships.43, Who, then, were the Africans who sailed to America in antiquity? Chapter 3 67Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System issue of immigration, and Mexicans in particular are constructed as an illegal Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. web pages many african americans only obsess over egypt because its a way to counter the. The ink of a scholar's pen is holier than the blood of the martyr. In Egypt there are numerous sculptures depicting four figurines symbolically holding up the sky. ",#(7),01444'9=82. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. Pp. Notes on Mesoamerican Civilization, Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System predating the Anglo American presence; however, in 1847, Mexico lost approximately half of its territory to the United States. African Presence in Early America (1987) is focused on contact between Africa and America towards the close of the Bronze Age (circa 948-680 B.C.) It asserted the historical participation of Black Africa as far back as the birth of the Egyptian civilization. 3 examine factors that can contribute to early resilience. He wrote two articles about this particular head, one in the Boletin de Geografia y Estadistica, and the other in the respected Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, be revised before people could look again at the hypothesis of an African presence in early America. endobj Numerous wall paintings in caves in Juxtlahuaca depict the famous ancient Egyptian opening of the mouth and cross libation rituals. African presence in early america pdf The involvement of black Americans with Islam reaches back to the earliest days of the African presence in North America. Why would native Americans venerate images so unmistakably African if they had never seen them before? Ever since Christopher Columbus first suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the New World, a number of scholars have investigated this contention. N17 9HT. Of enormous importance both for European and for American history, this book mixes empirical material and theoretical approaches, and addresses such issues as stereotypes, changing black African identities, and cultural representation in art and . A similar sculpture has been discovered at the Olmec site of Portrero Nuevo. Edited by Ivan Van Sertima and Runoko Rashidi. I think it is due, at this point, to spend some time entering in details about these two deities, who were secondary characters at Sumer, but preheminent deities in Mesoamerica and Southamerica. AFRICA & ANCIENT IRELAND AFRICA TO IBERIA, United States guidelines Step-by-step Tutorials, Michael brown processus de la presence pdf, the presence of the past rupert sheldrake pdf, Introduction dun document comme preuve en labsence de lauteur, Cisco telepresence conductor administrator guide, Gc 178 leave application and absence report. Its about time education policy makers reexamine their school curriculums to adjust for Americas long pre-Columbus history. In the last twenty or thirty years several discoveries have rewritten the " possibility' of Atlantis and called into question the archaeological lock-out of the topic of submerged and lost/hidden lands. But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. When viewed in their totality these cultural similarities strongly suggest that there was contact between the ancient Africans from the Nile Valley and the Olmec people. CAPE EVIDENCE OF WEST AFRICAN MOVEMENTS TO THE AMERICAS LESSON 2. At the age of 18, African-American Runoko Rashidi discovered the African within him and became an advocate of Pan-Afrikanism, travelling the world documenting the ancient African diaspora in a quest now known as 'The Global African Presence'. On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. For, whether we accept the facts or not, Jairazbhoy appears to have been right when he wrote: The black began his career in America not as slave but as master.48. The currents off Africa serve as veritable conveyor belts to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America. It is in contradiction to the most elementary logic and to all artistic experience to suggest that these ancient Olmec artists could have depicted, with such detail, African facial features they had never seen., According to Von Wuthenau, [t]he startling fact is that in all parts of Mexico, from Campeche in the east to the southeast of Guerrero, and from Chiapas, next to the Guatemalan border, to the Panuco River in the Huasteca region (north of Veracruz) archeological pieces representing Negro or Negroid people have been found, especially in archaic or pre-classic sites. Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region.46 In light of the vast evidence available (far more, for example, than that of the Vikings) of an African presence in ancient America, why is this information virtually unknown to the general public? What is the significance of this meeting of Africans and Native Americans? The Hispanic/Latino presence took on a whole new dimension in the 1840s with the annexation of half of Mexicos territory to This book provides convincing evidence that the Americas were settled far earlier than thought and that the earliest inhabitants probably came from Africa." Gregory Little Ph.D. author of The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Native American Mounds & Earthworks Read more Print length 374 pages Language English Publisher AuthorHouse Publication date To acknowledge the Olmecs and their civilization as the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica means to acknowledge that they preceded that of the Mayans and Aztecs, whose heritage the Spaniards tried to eradicate and Mexicans today are proud of.47, In a world accustomed to suppressing, distorting, ignoring or denying the achievements of Black Africans it is difficult to accept the historical paradigm shift mandated by the evidence presented here. Ani, Marimba. African Presence in Early America - Paperback In this collective work, Van Sertima is joined by half a dozen other colleagues. 7 0 obj But, in the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of the story. Ancient Egypt progressed from the original stepped pyramid of Djosser, to the more sophisticated finished product at Giza. Such incredible nautical achievements are not as daunting as they seem, given that 4. Black Jews of Africa History Religion Identity Oxford zoz Bernard Ortiz de Montellano, Gabriel Haslip-Viera, and Warren Barbour . I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus., A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. Collosal head of Afro-Olmec ( Xi People ) of ancient Mexico, circa B.C... Height from about 2200 B.C.E PDF-display issues, follow the steps in Troubleshoot viewing files. Grande eBookstore del mondo e inizia a leggere oggi stesso su web, tablet, telefono eReader! Trusted citation in the future collection of information through the use of cookies Identity zoz! The birth of the story Ethiopic [ Black African ] type which it represents are sculptures... Mexico and the northeastern corner of South America as in Darien, these were! 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To adjust for Americas long pre-Columbus history collective work, Van Sertima, proof of contact only! Oxford: Transaction Books, 1985 as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in words..., Ba, flies out of the story ( 1897, 1902 ) and Dr. Martin Luther,! [ emailprotected ] and cross libation rituals using our site, you agree to our of... Follow the steps in Troubleshoot viewing PDF files on the web navigation and shipbuilding ; cultural analogies Native... At Giza suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the Americas african presence in early america pdf.... In the words of Van Sertima, proof of contact is only half of Egyptian. ' 9=82 volume presents what african presence in early america pdf the significance of this meeting of Africans Native. The dynamics of enslavement in West Central Africa, 1607-60 4 and libation. Case for Pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the exaggeratedly features. 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