Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary tissue, including the interstitial spaces, the alveoli, and the bronchioles. It is better to prevent the occurrence of pneumonia instead of treating the disease itself. The pain is to evaluate whether its specifically within the pleural area. Physical examination. Write three priority nursing diagnoses for the patient? 75% of the patients with HIV usually contract pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) due to the weakened immune system. It’s primarily seen in babies and it happens as an effort to create positive pressure in the lungs and try to keep those alveoli (that are filling up with fluids) from collapsing. During the assessment of pneumonia severity, you may notice the significant differences when the condition is either severe or mild especially with children and infants Document response to medications administered. Our ultimate goal is to help address the nursing shortage by inspiring aspiring nurses that a career in nursing is an excellent choice, guiding students to become RNs, and for the working nurse – helping them achieve success in their careers! A. Fungal infection. Physical examination may reveal fever or sometimes low body temperature, an increased respiratory rate, low blood pressure, a fast heart rate, or a low oxygen saturation, which is the amount of oxygen in the blood as indicated by either pulse oximetry or blood … The congestion impairs gas exchange in the respiratory system. B. Bacterial infection. It causes the lungs to inflame restricting optimal oxygen and blood flow. It allocates a point for an abnormal fin… A) Patient had an abdominal hysterectomy 1 day ago. Select all that apply. Therapeutic Communication Techniques Quiz. The estimated incidence of HAP 4 to 7 episodes per 1000 hospitalizations. In Exam Mode: All questions are shown but the results, answers, and rationales (if any) will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. a. Option A: Aureus causes hospital-acquired pneumonia or HAP. It is also referred to as “walking pneumonia” owing to how easily it spreads. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. Expected patient outcomes include the following: Patient education is crucial regardless of the setting because self-care is essential in achieving a patient’s well-being. Document client’s response to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. Pneumonia has historically been a challenging condition to define. Less noxious organisms typically are destroyed by macrophage engulfment, which results in a moderate immune response. • HIV. • Viral pneumonia Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Aspiration pneumonia may occur in the community or hospital setting. The patient is expectorating thick green mucus, has an oxygen saturation level of 90%, and has audible crackles in the base of the right lung. Practice Mode: This is an interactive version of the Text Mode. Bacterial infection from aspiration of bacteria that normally reside in the upper airways is the most common form of aspiration pneumonia. C. E. coli. 3. D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. HAP occurs more than 48 hours after admission in patients with no evidence of infection at the time of admission. Findings were recorded on a data sheet (Figure 1) that included an assessment of the anatomical location of abnormal findings, confirmation that the examiner was truly blind to the patient's diagnosis, and identified whether the physical examination was consistent with pneumonia. What is the final diagnosis and what assessment findings serve to support this? The assessment findings that support the diagnosis of pneumonia include fever, diaphoresis, complaint of fatigue and shortness of breath, and inability to complete a short sentence before having an increase in respirations above the baseline, which is already tachypneic, and a decrease in the pulse oximetry and development of cyanosis. S.pneumonia is the most common cause of CAP in people younger than 60 years old. ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc, Priyamvada Singh, M.D. • Bacterial pneumonia • Mycoplasma pneumonia Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia In most situations, pneumonia is preventable and treatable. 4. Steven Smith is a 32 year old man admitted to the medical ward with bacterial pneumonia. As an outpatient department nurse, she is a seasoned nurse in providing health teachings to her patients making her also an excellent study guide writer for student nurses. These three assessment findings have all come up a lot in other lessons, but one we haven’t talked about as much is grunting. Instruct patient and family about the cause of pneumonia, management of symptoms, signs, and symptoms, and the need for follow-up. The most common culprit of CAP is the Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nursing assessment should include: Patient history; General appearance; Physical examination; Focused assessments, including chest assessment and respiratory assessment; Vital signs; Assessment of clinical manifestations; Guidelines for your nursing assessment for pneumonia … Pneumonia is classified into four: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, and aspiration pneumonia. Planning is essential to establish the interventions that are appropriate for the patient’s condition. It is caused by fungi that find their way into the lungs. Nursing Diagnosis for Pneumonia- 3 examples 1) Impaired gas exchange due to fluid between alveoli and capillary evidenced by decreased breath sounds and low SaO2 2) ineffective breathing pattern related to inflammation and pain as evidence by dyspnoea, tachypnoea, nasal … Complies with treatment protocol and prevention strategies. The recession is also mild, and feeding pattern is usually undisturbed. associated with pneumonia may be more serious, with a longer recovery period and the possibility that their condition may be fatal. Option D: Renal insufficiency is not a nursing diagnosis. C. Pneumocystis pneumonia. • Smoking In addition, it is important to assess the elderly patient for unusual behavior, altered mental status, dehydration, excessive fatigue, and concomitant heart failure. If loading fails, click here to try again. A nursing diagnosis is defined as a clinical judgment about care situation that a person, family, or group may present, about responses to actual or potential health problems (Herdman & Kamitsuru, 2017). Pneumonia ­­ Definition of pneumonia Infection of the lung parenchyma Usually bacterial Epidemiology of pneumonia Commonest infectious cause of death in the UK and USA Incidence – 5-11 per 1000 per year Worse during autumn and winter Risk factors for pneumonia Age Aspiration (of gastric contents or oral secretions) Usually gram negative […] The following articles can help you expand your knowledge about Pneumonia: Nurseslabs.com is an education and nursing lifestyle website geared towards helping student nurses and registered nurses with knowledge for the progression and empowerment of their nursing careers. 1. • Hospital stays; ironically, hospital stays increase your chances of contracting pneumonia. Option C: E.coli causes hospital-acquired pneumonia or HAP. This method can be used in nursing assessment though it only works in a limited capacity to the examiner. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. However, pneumonia can be broadly described as a condition that arises from an infection in the lower respiratory tract, where tissues become inflamed, which s… Since we started in 2010, Nurseslabs has become one of the most trusted nursing sites helping thousands of aspiring nurses achieve their goals. The common risk factors being States explanation for management strategies. Nursing students are under constant pressure to perform exceptionally well in their studies. Several reasons may cause the resulting inflammation. Other bacteria that can cause CAP include Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Assessment findings:( general overview of signs and symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia) What are the specific auscultation, palpation, and percussion findings of the lungs that are normal vs. abnormal? S.pneumonia is the most common cause of CAP in people younger than 60 years old. Course Integrative Nursing (NURS 4214 ) Academic year. Please wait while the activity loads. What diagnostic test findings support the diagnosis of pneumonia? During the nursing assessment, you inform your patient on some of the risk factors that may have increased their chances of them contracting pneumonia. She is a registered nurse since 2015 and is currently working in a regional tertiary hospital and is finishing her Master's in Nursing this June. Provide information about disease process, prognosis, and treatment. The following are assessments and diagnostic tests that could determine pneumonia. It is important that practitioners are able to assess the severity of the pneumonia and its impact on patients’ physical condition. Nursing assessment is the process in which a licensed nurse collects information concerning a patient’s psychological, physiological, and sociological position in order to understand the patient’s condition. The process of listening to breathe sounds using an assessment tool known as the stethoscope. After completing your iHuman Case Study, answer the following questions: 1- What is your list of appropriate differential diagnoses and why? 2. • Pleural pain Important Things to Note About its Assessment This may help provide fluid, calories, and electrolytes. It is among the rarest forms of pneumonia. Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts includes Pneumocystis pneumonia, fungal pneumonias and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pain- You are to assess the pain intensity which can be expressed using a facial expression like teeth grinding, frowning, etc. B. Fungal pneumonia. These nursing interventions, if implemented appropriately, would result in the achievement of the goals of the management of pneumonia. Patients with immune deficiency conditions, however, can easily contract it since their immune systems are already compromised. CAP occurs either in the community setting or within the first 48 hours after hospitalization. In nursing procedures, this is always the first step. Option D: Renal insufficiency is not a nursing diagnosis. Option A: Aureus causes hospital-acquired pneumonia or HAP. Through the data collected during assessment, the following nursing diagnoses are made: Main article: Pneumonia Nursing Care Plans. Medically percussion is defined as a technique of tapping a body part in order to learn or understand the condition of the parts beneath the parts being tapped. Option A: Fungal infection can cause fungal pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. It is important to note that different signs may characterize pneumonia severity. Having an idea about the disease process helps the patient understand the treatment regimen and its importance, increasing patient compliance. 2. Humidification may loosen secretions and improve ventilation. Text Mode: All questions and answers are given on a single page for reading and answering at your own pace. A. S. aureus. Nosocomial pneumonia is also known as hospital-acquired pneumonia and is not considered as pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. Cough-Assessing, the type of cough, is also required. Nurse Salary 2020: How Much Do Registered Nurses Make? In this case, it is vital for detecting the development of pneumonia and establishing medical … Common microorganisms that are responsible for HAP include. Chest x-ray results reveal right lower lobe consolidation, flattened diaphragm, and a small pleural effusion in the right lower lobe. Percussing Other causes include Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV), Rhinoviruses, Adenoviruses, Coronaviruses, and Parainfluenza viruses. The most common form of aspiration pneumonia is a bacterial infection from aspiration of bacteria that normally reside in the upper airways. What is the most common form of aspiration pneumonia? When typical or indeterminate findings of COVID-19 pneumonia are initially found on chest radiographs in persons under investigation or as an incidental finding in an endemic area, we advise prompt communication with referring clinicians to discuss the likelihood of COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis . When the above information is gathered, you can go down and inquire about specific medical history which entails the list of concerns below, Using your hands as a nurse is caring for a patient with a longer recovery period the! 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