how to remember arctic and antarctic

Because they are such strong swimmers, polar bears earned the species name of Ursus maritimus—bears of the sea. Traveling at such depths where there is intense pressure requires a few special adaptations, including a compressible rib cage and streamlined body. Polar bears, who rely on sea ice to reach seals for their winter meals, will have less time to reach their food source as the ice declines and breaks up earlier in the season. The Arctic Circle is around 5.4 million square miles in size. How to choose between an Arctic or an Antarctic cruise, from the wildlife you will see to the sea states you can expect, plus when to go and value for money Due to the fact that the Arctic is actually a frozen ocean, if you want to trek to the North Pole then you’d have to attempt it in the winter months. These seals do not migrate and are commonly found within a few miles of their birthplace. Polar bears are threatened by the loss of sea ice in the Arctic. Atmospheric carbon dioxide has been rising for more than a century, with large contributions from the fossil fuels used to power our homes, businesses, and cars. The Arctic is a circle of land masses intermingled by the Arctic Ocean, while Antarctica is a solid island of ice. I was born in the capital of Greenland, Nuuk in ‘86 and grew up at the polar circle in the town Sisimiut. come from the Arctic and Antarctic worlds, making their pups uniquely tied to both polar regions! Sea ice forms during the winter, more than doubling the size of the Antarctic continent, and then melts in the spring and summer. The Penguins. It has polluted and even destroys the life in it. It is an Ocean entirely surrounded by land. • Arctic is the region on the top-most corner of the globe while Antarctic at the bottom most corner. A narwhal breaching the water's surface, his tusk points to the sky. This current pulls up cold, nutrient-rich waters from the deep sea to the surface, a process known as upwelling. They float with most of their mass below the water, hence the expression “tip of the iceberg”. The people that live here are mostly scientists and technicians engaged in research. Antarctic and Arctic ice - Antarctic ice is predominantly annual. Icebergs are formed when chunks of glacial ice break off (called calving) from an ice sheet or shelf. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are the only ice sheets currently on Earth, and they contain 75 percent of the freshwater in the world. They eat the photosynthesizing phytoplankton and in turn are food for fish, seabirds and marine mammals. The ice fish instead have special blood that contains proteins that act like antifreeze. Also, a belt of floating mass of ice debris called the ice pack surrounds the continent of Antarctica. You could do that if you were a polar bear. Now it's down to just 10 percent and the Arctic may have ice-free summers by the end of the 21st century. The Arctic is what above you when you take a glob. Variations in Extent. They act as climate controllers for the whole world and play a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem steady. Travel to the ends of the earth—literally—and discover the polar ocean basins. A recent report says the Arctic may be ice-free by 2040. Both the Arctic and Antarctic have plenty of ice and possess an intricate unique and ancient beauty. During the deepest dives, a narwhal can shut off oxygen flow to unessential organs and instead divert it to where it is needed most. Imagine it being 40 degrees below zero (Fahrenheit and Celsius are equal at this temperature!) Summers are still somewhat frozen (though, thanks to global warming, increasingly less so), but endlessly bright. Like the Antarctic ice fish, they have an antifreeze protein that keeps their blood flowing. A summertime channel carries melted ice to the sea. In the absence of hemoglobin the gills of ice fish appear white. Our team reached out to various academic, military, political, and NGO leaders to curate a collection of short responses to the question: What are the key challenges posed […] The Iñupiaq developed sophisticated survival skills for understanding animal migrations, weather patterns, ocean currents, and more. How They’re Different. Both the Arctic and the Antarctic are vast and remote, considered the last untamed wildernesses in the world. Most of the Antarctic ice sheet is likely to thicken as a result of increased precipitation. Thomas Cook India and its group company, SOTC Travel, have introduced exclusive luxury cruise holidays to the polar extremes of the Arctic and Antarctic. The ice has trapped bubbles, salts, and sediments that can help tell the story of how the climate has changed. Depending on the season, much or all of the Arctic Ocean is covered by a layer of sea ice, ranging in thickness from a few inches to over six feet, which is always shifting as it floats on the ocean's surface. The day I arrived on the western Antarctic peninsula, it seemed that the land herself … These increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are trapping heat and taking a toll on the planet, especially at the poles where the largest increases in temperature will occur. Antarctica is a continent devoid of human settlement, except for the over 50 research stations built there by 27 different countries. At both poles, tiny animals, called zooplankton, are near the base of the food chain. From giant glaciers to thin pack ice, each has distinctive characteristics, and those who have spent time in the Poles, from native people to sailors, have hundreds of names for the different kinds of ice. When uneaten organisms die, they sink to the seafloor, feeding fish, seastars, soft corals, and other organisms in deeper water. That's a journey of about 40,000 km (25,000 miles), often made in less than four months. • Appearance: • Antarctic region contains Antarctica, island territories that are situated in the Southern Ocean, and floating ice sheets on ocean. When choosing polar destinations, Antarctica is often top of mind for many people but the Arctic offers distinct and incredible travel experiences. Did you know that arctic means "bear" and antacrtic means "no bear"? Penguins live in the Antarctic. More than 11,000 kilometers (6835 miles) separate the Arctic from the Southern Ocean. Esther lives in the Alaskan coastal village of Shishmaref. Sea ice is by definition made from frozen seawater, which gives it different properties than ice made of freshwater. (E. Siddon, UAF, Hidden Ocean 2005, NOAA). A 2018 study found that 10.7 percent of Antarctica's coastal glaciers are in retreat. Another study published in the same year found that the rate of Antarctic ice melt has tripled in the last five years. Many northern communities have also observed coastal erosion and watched the permafrost—ground that used to be frozen all year—melting and buckling under their homes and roads. The Arctic and Antarctic Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Remember these other important points around booking: Search engines and booking sites can be a convenient way to find flight deals. The Smithsonian's Arctic Studies Center, established in 1988, is the only U.S. government program with a special focus on northern cultural research and education. McMurdo Station is the hub of the U.S. Antarctic Program. The Antarctic or the south-pole is what is below you. They inhabit the "fast ice"—sea ice that is attached to the shore. While details concerning the extent of future impacts of climate change are the subject of debate, the Arctic is experiencing those changes today. Delen. Similarly, the Antarctic was named after Anrktikos meaning “opposite of the north”. Yet, the rainfall is so low, it is considered as a desert. Use a craft knife, or scissors, to also cut along the darker-shaded line in the centre of the book. A female walrus and her calf (, (The Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary, courtesy of Igor Krupnik (NMNH)). Every year as the sun disappears for the winter, the surface waters around Antarctica freeze into a slab of ice 10-feet thick, which effectively doubles the size of the continent. In the Arctic, sea ice is also melting. But there are much easier ways to remember this than this Greek, literally. But researchers have also found that the ice crystals don’t go away during the warmer summer months—one of the implications of living below the ice. When ice sheets grow and move out over the ocean they form ice shelves. They have evolved using different techniques to survive such harsh conditions. Tree-ring-like layers in glacial ice can show how much melt has occurred or how much dust has fallen from year to year. Project 6633 generates new knowledge centered on Arctic and Antarctic security for the profession of arms. A dive tender monitors the line connected to ice divers studying creatures living on the under-side of the sea ice. The winter in the North Pole usually reaches up to around -40 degrees census. A little history: The systematic exploration (i.e. the lecture describes about arctic and Antarctic. Russia has already staked a claim, using submarines to plant a flag on the Arctic Ocean floor. Unlike the Antarctic, which is governed in part by a multinational treaty, there is no treaty currently for the Arctic polar region. Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann (Photo provided by Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann) My name is Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann. The Arctic Tern could really be called the Arctic-Antarctic Tern. This prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. What keeps this marine ecosystem going are organisms you can't see with the naked eye: microscopic phytoplankton and ice algae. The Arctic Circle is made up of the Arctic Ocean and the North Pole, which is located in the centre of the circle. The planet’s polar regions, the Arctic and Antarctic, are both remarkably cold, which may explain why people often get them confused. Why it’s so amazing- cold weather adaptations It might not seem super special, but that fact that dinosaurs have been found in areas that used to have an Arctic-like climate is actually pretty ground-breaking. Scientists also use ice cores to gain insight into the Earth’s ancient atmosphere. They eat small crustaceans, such as amphipods and copepods. You find polar bears in the Arctic but not in the Antarctic. Ice can be classified by age, whether it is made from fresh or salt water, or by its ever-changing forms. The Smithsonian possesses one of the world's finest anthropological collections from arctic and sub-arctic regions. It is land ice that, as it melts, contributes to sea-level rise. Amidst the penguins and the seals, researchers look at everything from ecosystems underwater to ozone holes in the atmosphere. The Arctic is what above you when you take a glob. An ice-free Arctic also opens up possibilities for drilling for oil and gas. The Arctic and Antarctic do look alike, however, in one important way: Glaciers in both places are losing lots of ice. Polar bears live in the Arctic. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (University of Colorado Boulder).It covers research on all aspects of Arctic, Antarctic, and alpine environments, including subarctic, subantarctic, subalpine, and paleoenvironments. Humans cannot live in the Arctic. Make notes to remember what you have learned. blizzards dog sled glaciers mammals polar regions 1 The most northerly and most southerly points on Earth are called _____. Arctic Tern. It is almost all about the Arctic and Antarctic, past and present, landscape and explorers. Land is being lost, along with animals that provide food for the people living in the Arctic. Understanding the function of the tusk is an ongoing area of investigation. Both Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent are characterized by fairly large variations from year to year. Orcas travel in pods of up to 40 related individuals. Skip to Content. A thick layer of blubber keeps walruses warm in the Arctic. Small shelled creatures, like pteropods, which are important food sources for fish and larger animals, are already losing their shells in the Antarctic due to ocean acidification. But even they struggle to survive the winter. Fish have certain adaptations, like blood with built-in antifreeze, to survive in the Antarctic. The Plants of Antarctica. Knowledge of the environment that has served generations is being defied by a changing climate. This is in reference to the constellation, but it also applied to where polar bears live to make that easy to remember! It is an Ocean entirely surrounded by land. Crabs that have stayed out of Antarctic waters for millions of years because of the cold may invade and prey on animals that have no defense against their strong claws. (E. Siddon, UAF, Hidden Ocean 2005, NOAA.). The climate of the Arctic is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers. This dense, salty water sinks and travels towards warmer tropical waters along the seafloor, forming part of the ocean’s great circulating “conveyer belt”. The Antarctic or the south-pole is what is below you. 2 Fierce snow storms are called _____. One of the most accessible and ready-to-use lesson plans for this topic was created by the Alaska SeaLife Center. In an amazing feat of synchronized swimming, they use a staggered formation so that no krill swims directly in another's wake. The Arctic and Antarctic may be polar opposites, but in one sense they are connected despite being thousands of kilometres apart. The name arctic is originally originated from the Greek name, Arktikos meaning “of the north. Weddell seals grind their teeth on holes in the ice to keep them open to their comings and goings between ocean and air. Both the Arctic and the Antarctic are vast and remote, considered the last untamed wildernesses in the world. • Antarctica is a continent within Antarctic region. The earliest chapters in Antarctica’s rather fragmentary record extend far back, perhaps as much as 3 billion years, into early Precambrian time. The sun-fed plankton are also important for the indigenous peoples of the Arctic who get food and clothing both from the sea (walrus, narwhals, beluga, other whales, polar bear, and fish) and the land (caribou, reindeer and musk-ox). The status of Antarctic sea ice is more nebulous. Antarctica - Antarctica - Physical geography: The geologic evolution of Antarctica has followed a course similar to that of the other southern continents. They are the largest of the dolphins, and powerful predators. This “brinicle,” as it is called, eventually reaches the sea floor where it covers the animals living there (like sea stars and urchins) in a layer of deadly ice. massive region at the top of the world consisting of everything north of the Arctic Circle "The ocean is eating up our land," says Esther Iyatunguk. Our team reached out to various academic, military, political, and NGO leaders to curate a collection of short responses to the question: What are the key challenges posed […] The sea-ice closer to land and attached to the shoreline is called fast ice (short for fastened). A cold desolate continent covered in miles of ice and snow year-round, the south pole of … • Antarctica is a continent surrounded by the world’s stormiest seas. But even is such temperatures there had been evidence that people lived in lad around that area for thousands of years. The Arctic and the Antarctic regions, however, are very different, with separate geopolitical and strategic considerations. Antarctic and … Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest of Earth's seven continents, and 98 percent of the continent is covered by ice with no tundra, trees or bushes. Right now, it is decreasing 12.8 percent each decade. But, overall the land- and fresh-water based ice continues to shrink. Large animals, like penguins, whales, and seals all feast on the krill. The Southern Ocean has also become a draw for ecotourists who seek to visit places where humans are far outnumbered by penguins. Today their lands are part of four different nations—the United States, Canada, Denmark (Greenland) and Russia. Industrial fishing, started in 1996 by New Zealand and now practiced by a dozen nations, is homing in on Antarctic toothfish and krill in the Ross Sea. I created these differentiated worksheets for the children in my reception class to remember the beginning, middle and end of the story 'Lost and Found&' - linking to our topic of all around the world/Arctic and Antarctic week. So the Arctic Ocean has a layer of cold, fresh water near the surface with warmer, saltier water below. If you go exactly to the top most point of the arctic, whatever the direction you look at, it will always be south for you. Females, young, and immature males live together and adult males live in their own pods. No human has ever managed to reach the South Pole and come back safely till 1911 when Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen finally managed to take a team of 5. This is crucial not only from an ownership perspective, but also helps explain why and how the regions differ in their climate, geography and native species. The two landscapes however are made up in very different ways. 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